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Dipyridamole | CAS No: 58-32-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that serves as an adjunct anticoagulant for preventing postoperative thromboembolic complications and angina management in cardiovascular care.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- For as an adjunct to coumarin anticoagulants in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications of cardiac valve replacement and also used in prevention of angina
Product Snapshot
- Dipyridamole is available as oral tablets, capsules (including extended and delayed release), and parenteral injectable solutions
- It is primarily indicated for adjunctive use with coumarin anticoagulants to prevent postoperative thromboembolic complications and for angina prophylaxis
- The product is approved for use in the US and Canadian markets
Clinical Overview
Clinically, dipyridamole is indicated as an adjunct to coumarin anticoagulants for the prevention of postoperative thromboembolic complications following cardiac valve replacement surgery. It is also utilized in the prevention of angina pectoris. Beyond these uses, dipyridamole is employed in myocardial perfusion imaging and combined with aspirin for stroke prophylaxis, reflecting its antiplatelet properties.
The mechanism of action involves the inhibition of both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase enzymes, which results in elevated intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increased cAMP inhibits platelet function by blocking arachidonic acid release and reducing thromboxane A2 activity. Furthermore, dipyridamole stimulates prostacyclin release, increasing adenylate cyclase activity and further raising intraplatelet cAMP, thereby enhancing its antiplatelet and vasodilatory effects.
Pharmacodynamically, dipyridamole acts as a non-nitrate coronary vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor. It is commonly combined with anticoagulants such as warfarin in cardiovascular and hematologic contexts to reduce thrombotic risk.
Safety considerations include monitoring for bleeding complications due to the additive anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects when used in combination therapies. Caution is advised in patients with bleeding disorders or those undergoing surgery.
For API procurement, stringent quality control is essential to ensure purity, potency, and consistent pharmacological activity. Suppliers should comply with pharmacopeial standards and provide appropriate certification for manufacturing under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Due to dipyridamole’s role in critical therapeutic regimens, reliable sourcing with validated supply chains is paramount.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Dipyridamole |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 58-32-2 |
| UNII | 64ALC7F90C |
| DrugBank ID | DB00975 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Dipyridamole acts primarily by inhibiting adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase enzymes, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels that inhibit platelet aggregation. It also promotes prostacyclin release, enhancing adenylate cyclase activity and further elevating cAMP in platelets. Therapeutically, dipyridamole is used as an adjunct to anticoagulants for thrombosis prevention and as a coronary vasodilator in cardiovascular conditions. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Dipyridamole likely inhibits both adenosine deaminase and phosphodiesterase, preventing the degradation of cAMP, an inhibitor of platelet function. This elevation in cAMP blocks the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and reduces thromboxane A2 activity. Dipyridamole also directly stimulates the release of prostacyclin, which induces adenylate cyclase activity, thereby raising the intraplatelet concentration of cAMP and further inhibiting platelet aggregation. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Dipyridamole, a non-nitrate coronary vasodilator that also inhibits platelet aggregation, is combined with other anticoagulant drugs, such as warfarin, to prevent thrombosis in patients with valvular or vascular disorders. Dipyridamole is also used in myocardial perfusion imaging, as an antiplatelet agent, and in combination with aspirin for stroke prophylaxis. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A | Humans | inhibitor |
| cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase | Humans | inhibitor |
| cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A | Humans | inhibitor |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | 70% |
|---|---|
| Half-life | 40 minutes |
| Protein binding | 99% |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Route of elimination | Dipyridamole is metabolized in the liver to the glucuronic acid conjugate and excreted with the bile. |
| Volume of distribution | * 1 to 2.5 L/kg |
| Clearance | * 2.3-3.5 mL/min/kg |
Formulation & handling
- Dipyridamole is available for both oral and parenteral administration, including intravenous and intramuscular routes.
- It is a small molecule with moderate water solubility and a logP of 1.81, suitable for formulation in various solid and liquid dosage forms.
- Food interactions should be considered, as certain herbs and xanthines may affect drug efficacy; however, extended-release formulations show minimal impact from high-fat meals.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The active pharmaceutical ingredient's primary patent expired in the United States on January 18, 2017. The product is marketed in the US and Canada, indicating a mature market with potential for generic competition. |
|---|
| Markets | US, Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Dipyridamole is supplied by numerous manufacturers, including both originator and generic pharmaceutical companies, indicating a diverse supply base. Branded products such as Aggrenox have a presence primarily in the US and Canada markets. The patent expired in 2017, which suggests that generic competition is currently established in the marketplace. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Hypotension, if it occurs, is likely to be of short duration, but a vasopressor drug may be used if necessary. The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is greater than 6,000 mg/kg while in the dogs, the oral LD<sub>50</sub> is approximately 400 mg/kg. LD<sub>50</sub>=8.4g/kg (orally in rat) |
|---|
- 1
- Exhibits low acute oral toxicity in rats (LD50 ›6,000 mg/kg) but higher sensitivity observed in dogs (LD50 ~400 mg/kg)
- 2
Dipyridamole is a type of Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors are a crucial category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) used in the field of cardiology and thrombosis management. These inhibitors play a vital role in preventing platelet aggregation, a process responsible for the formation of blood clots. By inhibiting platelet aggregation, these APIs reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis, which can lead to severe cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes.
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors primarily work by targeting specific receptors on platelet cells, thereby impeding their activation and subsequent aggregation. The most commonly utilized APIs in this category include acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel. These drugs are available in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, and intravenous formulations, allowing flexibility in their administration.
The effectiveness of Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors lies in their ability to prevent platelets from adhering to each other and forming clots within blood vessels. This property is especially crucial in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular events, such as those with a history of heart disease, diabetes, or peripheral artery disease.
While Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors are generally safe and effective, they can also carry potential side effects, including bleeding complications. Therefore, their administration requires careful consideration of individual patient characteristics and risk factors.
In conclusion, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors represent a significant category of pharmaceutical APIs used for the prevention of platelet aggregation and subsequent blood clot formation. By inhibiting this process, they contribute to the management and reduction of cardiovascular events, offering critical benefits to patients at risk.
Dipyridamole API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Dipyridamole API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 8 companies offering Dipyridamole API, with manufacturing taking place in 6 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apollo Healthcare Resourc... | Distributor | Singapore | Singapore | BSE/TSE, CEP, CoA, EDMF/ASMF, FDA, GMP, ISO9001, JDMF, KDMF, MSDS, USDMF, WC | 200 products |
| Boehringer Ingelheim | Producer | Germany | Spain | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 35 products |
| Global Pharma Tek | Distributor | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, FDA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 484 products |
| Hachidai Pharmaceutical | Producer | Japan | Japan | CoA, JDMF | 9 products |
| Mylan | Producer | India | India | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, USDMF, WC | 201 products |
| S.I.M.S. | Producer | Italy | Italy | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, USDMF | 18 products |
| SETV Global | Producer | India | India | CoA, FDA, GMP | 515 products |
| Yabao Pharma | Producer | China | China | CoA, JDMF | 5 products |
When sending a request, specify which Dipyridamole API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Dipyridamole API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
