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Valine | CAS No: 72-18-4 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that supports mental vigor, muscle coordination, and emotional calmness, with potential use in hepatic encephalopathy and phenylketonuria management.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Promotes mental vigor, muscle coordination, and calm emotions
- May also be of use in a minority of patients with hepatic encephalopathy and in some with phenylketonuria
Product Snapshot
- Valine is available in multiple formulation types including oral tablets and capsules, injectable solutions and emulsions, as well as liquid concentrates and granules
- It is primarily used for supporting mental vigor, muscle coordination, and emotional stability, with additional applications in hepatic encephalopathy and phenylketonuria management
- Valine is approved for use in the Canadian and US markets, including FDA-regulated nutraceutical classifications
Clinical Overview
Clinically, valine is indicated for promoting mental vigor, muscle coordination, and emotional calmness. It may have utility in certain patients with hepatic encephalopathy and phenylketonuria due to its metabolic functions. In addition to its physiological roles in humans, valine acts as a precursor in the biosynthesis of penicillin.
The mechanism of action of valine and related BCAAs involves their catabolism primarily in muscle tissue. The initial step is transamination via BCAA aminotransferase yielding specific α-keto acids. These are then oxidized by a shared branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, producing CoA derivatives. Valine metabolism leads predominantly to propionyl-CoA, a glucogenic substrate entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle as succinyl-CoA. This process contributes to ATP generation and supports nitrogen balance, growth in infants and children, and muscle tissue maintenance.
Pharmacodynamically, valine supplementation is frequently combined with leucine and isoleucine at a respective ratio of approximately 2:1:2 to optimize anabolic and metabolic effects. Deficiencies may result in impaired growth, neuropathic symptoms, or anemia.
Safety considerations include recognition of metabolic disorders such as Maple syrup urine disease, caused by a defect in the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, leading to toxic accumulation of valine and other BCAAs. Patients with this condition exhibit severe neurological impairment.
Valine is classified as an approved nutraceutical and is widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. When sourcing valine as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), quality control should focus on purity, absence of contaminants, and compliance with relevant pharmacopeial standards. Consistent supply chain validation and rigorous analytical characterization ensure suitability for clinical and formulation applications.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Valine |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 72-18-4 |
| UNII | HG18B9YRS7 |
| DrugBank ID | DB00161 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Valine is an essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) involved in energy metabolism via transamination and subsequent oxidation to CoA derivatives, contributing to ATP production. It serves as a precursor for protein synthesis and supports muscle growth, tissue repair, and nitrogen balance. Valine, along with leucine and isoleucine, targets key enzymes in BCAA catabolism, influencing metabolic pathways relevant to neurological function and metabolic diseases. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | (Applies to Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine) This group of essential amino acids are identified as the branched-chain amino acids, BCAAs. Because this arrangement of carbon atoms cannot be made by humans, these amino acids are an essential element in the diet. The catabolism of all three compounds initiates in muscle and yields NADH and FADH2 which can be utilized for ATP generation. The catabolism of all three of these amino acids uses the same enzymes in the first two steps. The first step in each case is a transamination using a single BCAA aminotransferase, with a-ketoglutarate as amine acceptor. As a result, three different a-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase, yielding the three different CoA derivatives. Subsequently the metabolic pathways diverge, producing many intermediates. The principal product from valine is propionylCoA, the glucogenic precursor of succinyl-CoA. Isoleucine catabolism terminates with production of acetylCoA and propionylCoA; thus isoleucine is both glucogenic and ketogenic. Leucine gives rise to acetylCoA and acetoacetylCoA, and is thus classified as strictly ketogenic. There are a number of genetic diseases associated with faulty catabolism of the BCAAs. The most common defect is in the branched-chain a-keto acid dehydrogenase. Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. The disease is known as Maple syrup urine disease because of the characteristic odor of the urine in afflicted individuals. Mental retardation in these cases is extensive. Unfortunately, since these are essential amino acids, they cannot be heavily restricted in the diet; ultimately, the life of afflicted individuals is short and development is abnormal The main neurological problems are due to poor formation of myelin in the CNS. |
| Pharmacodynamics | L-valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid (BCAA) that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway. Valine is one of three branched-chain amino acids (the others are leucine and isoleucine) that enhance energy, increase endurance, and aid in muscle tissue recovery and repair. This group also lowers elevated blood sugar levels and increases growth hormone production. Supplemental valine should always be combined with isoleucine and leucine at a respective milligram ratio of 2:1:2. It is an essential amino acid found in proteins; important for optimal growth in infants and for growth in children and nitrogen balance in adults. The lack of L-valine may influence the growth of body, cause neuropathic obstacle, anaemia. It has wide applications in the field of pharmaceutical and food industry. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial | Humans | |
| Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic | Humans | |
| Valine--tRNA ligase | Humans |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Absorbed from the small intestine by a sodium-dependent active-transport process. |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
Formulation & handling
- Valine is a small molecule amino acid available in both oral and parenteral (intravenous, intraperitoneal) formulations.
- High water solubility facilitates preparation of aqueous solutions and emulsions for injection.
- Handling should consider its stability as a solid under controlled conditions, with no noted food interaction sensitivity.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The API’s primary patents have expired in both the US and Canada, leading to the availability of generic versions and a mature market landscape. Ongoing sales are driven by established products with multiple approved manufacturers. |
|---|
| Markets | Canada, US |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | The manufacturing landscape for Valine involves multiple packagers, including B. Braun Melsungen AG, Baxter International Inc., Hospira Inc., Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, and V Sab Medical Labs Inc., serving primarily the US and Canadian markets. Branded products are present mainly in North America with formulations such as Travasol Amino Acid Injections combined with dextrose and electrolytes. Information on patent status is not provided, so the extent of generic competition cannot be determined from the available data. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Symptoms of hypoglycemia, increased mortality in ALS patients taking large doses of BCAAs. |
|---|
- High doses may induce hypoglycemic symptoms
- Monitor exposure levels accordingly
- Use caution in formulations intended for populations with ALS due to potential increased mortality risk
L-Valine is a type of Amino acids
Amino acids are an essential category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. These organic compounds are the building blocks of proteins and play a crucial role in various biological processes. With their increasing popularity and therapeutic potential, amino acids have become a focus of research and development in drug discovery.
Amino acids can be classified into two main categories: essential and non-essential. Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from dietary sources or through pharmaceutical supplementation. Non-essential amino acids, on the other hand, can be synthesized by the body itself.
Pharmaceutical-grade amino acids are produced through a variety of methods, including extraction from natural sources, fermentation, and chemical synthesis. They undergo rigorous quality control procedures to ensure purity, efficacy, and safety. The most common amino acids used as APIs include lysine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, and methionine, among others.
Amino acids have diverse applications in the pharmaceutical industry. They are widely used as ingredients in parenteral nutrition formulations, where they provide essential nutrients to patients who cannot consume food orally. Additionally, amino acids are utilized in the development of protein-based drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. These pharmaceutical proteins often require specific amino acid sequences to achieve desired therapeutic effects.
In conclusion, amino acids are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs, playing a significant role in protein synthesis, nutrition, and the development of protein-based drugs. With their extensive applications and growing demand, amino acids continue to contribute to advancements in the pharmaceutical industry.
L-Valine API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified L-Valine API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 10 companies offering L-Valine API, with manufacturing taking place in 3 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ajinomoto | Producer | Japan | Unknown | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, USDMF | 24 products |
| Amino GmbH | Producer | Germany | Unknown | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, USDMF | 17 products |
| Evonik Rexim | Producer | China | China | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 18 products |
| Fuzhou Medcore Pharmaceut... | Distributor | China | China | BSE/TSE, CEP, CoA, GMP, MSDS, USDMF, WC | 9 products |
| Sekisui Medical | Producer | Japan | Japan | CoA, JDMF | 11 products |
| Senova Technology Co., Lt... | Producer | China | China | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, USDMF | 157 products |
| Shanghai Kyowa A.A | Producer | China | Unknown | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 12 products |
| Wuhan Amino Acid Bio-Chem... | Producer | China | China | CoA | 32 products |
| Wuxi Jinghai Amino Acid C... | Producer | China | China | BSE/TSE, CEP, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS, USDMF, WC | 15 products |
| Zhejiang Tianrui Chemical... | Producer | China | China | CoA | 7 products |
When sending a request, specify which L-Valine API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality L-Valine API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
