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Niclosamide | CAS No: 50-65-7 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections and supports schistosomiasis control programs through its use in targeted molluscicide applications.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- For the treatment of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections: Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm), Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal fluke)
- Niclosamide is also used as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis
Product Snapshot
- Oral small‑molecule anthelmintic supplied mainly as standard and chewable tablet formulations
- Used for control of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections and applied as a molluscicide in schistosomiasis control programs
- Marketed in various regions with human drug approvals, veterinary approvals, and additional investigational status
Clinical Overview
Niclosamide belongs to the benzanilide class, characterized by an anilide structure in which the carboxamide group is substituted with a benzene ring. Its pharmacological activity is restricted to the intestinal lumen, where it acts directly on adult tapeworms.
The drug’s pharmacodynamic effect is linked to interference with energy metabolism. Niclosamide is believed to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation or stimulate ATPase activity, disrupting ATP production required for parasite survival. This contact-mediated action rapidly kills adult worms, which are subsequently passed in the stool or degraded within the intestine. As a molluscicide, its activity may involve binding to and damaging DNA in target organisms.
Published ADME data are limited in the provided reference set, and no systemic therapeutic activity is expected based on its luminal mechanism. Niclosamide is categorized as an anthelmintic, anticestodal agent, anti-infective, and salicylanilide derivative. It is also noted as a substrate or inhibitor of certain cytochrome P450 enzymes, though the clinical relevance of these interactions is uncertain given its minimal systemic exposure.
Safety considerations include its restriction to use against adult worms only, as it does not affect ova. Toxicity concerns are mainly associated with non-therapeutic applications such as molluscicidal or pesticide use, where environmental handling guidelines apply.
For API procurement, sourcing should focus on quality systems that ensure control of impurity profiles, confirmation of polymorphic form, and compliance with regional pharmacopeial or regulatory specifications appropriate to human or veterinary use.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Niclosamide |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 50-65-7 |
| UNII | 8KK8CQ2K8G |
| DrugBank ID | DB06803 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Niclosamide is an antihelminth that disrupts parasite energy metabolism by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation and interfering with ATP generation. This disruption rapidly kills adult tapeworms and intestinal flukes, with additional activity linked to DNA interaction in certain organisms. Its pharmacology also supports use as a molluscicide for schistosomiasis control. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Niclosamide works by killing tapeworms on contact. Adult worms (but not ova) are rapidly killed, presumably due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase activity. The killed worms are then passed in the stool or sometimes destroyed in the intestine. Niclosamide may work as a molluscicide by binding to and damaging DNA. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Niclosamide is an antihelminth used against tapeworm infections. It may act by the uncoupling of the electron transport chain to ATP synthase. The disturbance of this crucial metabolic pathway prevents creation of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), an essential molecule that supplies energy for metabolism. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| DNA | Humans | antagonist |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Niclosamide appears to be minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract—neither the drug nor its metabolites have been recovered from the blood or urine. |
|---|
Formulation & handling
- Oral small‑molecule benzanilide with very low aqueous solubility; formulations typically require solubility‑enhancing approaches such as solid dispersions or surfactant systems.
- Not suitable for injectable use due to poor water solubility and lipophilicity (LogP ~3.9).
- Stable solid API; handling focuses on uniform dispersion in tablet blends to mitigate dissolution‑limited absorption.
Regulatory status
Safety
| Toxicity | Infrequent, mild, and transitory adverse events include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. |
|---|
- Mild, self‑limited gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) have been observed
- Handle with appropriate controls to limit inhalation or ingestion exposures
- Avoid generation of dust or aerosols, as accidental oral exposure is the primary route associated with reported adverse effects
Niclosamide is a type of Anthelmintics
Anthelmintics belong to the pharmaceutical API subcategory used in the treatment of parasitic infections caused by helminths, commonly known as worms. These parasitic infections can affect various parts of the body, including the intestines, liver, and lungs. Anthelmintics act by either paralyzing or killing the helminths, thereby eliminating the infection.
There are different classes of anthelmintics, each targeting specific types of helminths. The benzimidazoles class includes compounds like albendazole and mebendazole, which disrupt the energy metabolism of the worms, leading to their paralysis and eventual death. Another class is the avermectins, which includes ivermectin and moxidectin. These compounds work by affecting the neurotransmitter functions in the worms, resulting in paralysis and death.
Anthelmintics are available in various formulations, including tablets, suspensions, and injectables, allowing for convenient administration to patients. Depending on the type and severity of the infection, the duration of treatment may vary.
When using anthelmintics, it is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and duration to ensure the effective elimination of the parasitic infection. However, as with any medication, there may be potential side effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances or allergic reactions, which should be monitored.
In conclusion, anthelmintics are a vital class of pharmaceutical APIs used to combat parasitic infections caused by helminths. Their targeted action and diverse range of formulations make them an essential tool in the fight against these debilitating conditions.
Niclosamide (Anthelmintics), classified under Antiparasitics
Antiparasitics are a category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that are used to combat parasitic infections in humans and animals. These APIs play a crucial role in the field of medicine and veterinary care by targeting and eliminating various parasites, such as protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
The use of antiparasitics is essential in preventing and treating parasitic diseases, which can cause significant health issues and even be life-threatening. These APIs work by interfering with the parasite's vital biological processes, such as reproduction, metabolism, and survival mechanisms.
Pharmaceutical companies develop and manufacture a wide range of antiparasitic APIs to cater to different parasitic infections. Some common examples of antiparasitics include anthelmintics (used against intestinal worms), antimalarials (used to treat malaria), and ectoparasiticides (used to control external parasites like ticks and fleas).
The development of antiparasitic APIs requires rigorous research, including the identification of suitable targets within the parasite's biology and the formulation of effective chemical compounds. Safety and efficacy are paramount in the manufacturing of antiparasitics, ensuring that they effectively combat the targeted parasites while minimizing adverse effects on the host.
Overall, antiparasitics are vital tools in the fight against parasitic infections, benefiting both human and animal health. Through ongoing research and development, the pharmaceutical industry continues to innovate and improve antiparasitic APIs, contributing to the advancement of healthcare and the well-being of individuals and their animal companions.
Niclosamide API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Niclosamide API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 4 companies offering Niclosamide API, with manufacturing taking place in 3 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bayer | Producer | Germany | Unknown | CoA, USDMF | 42 products |
| Changzhou Comwin Fine Che... | Producer | China | China | CoA | 235 products |
| Derivados Quimicos | Producer | Spain | Spain | CoA, GMP | 18 products |
| Senova Technology Co., Lt... | Producer | China | China | CoA, ISO9001 | 157 products |
When sending a request, specify which Niclosamide API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Niclosamide API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
Frequently asked questions about Niclosamide API
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