Polymyxin B Sulfate API Manufacturers & Suppliers
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Polymyxin B | CAS No: 1404-26-8 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and bloodstream when reliable systemic antibacterial options are limited.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Polymyxin B is indicated for the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and blood stream, caused by susceptible strains of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>[FDA Label]
Product Snapshot
- Polymyxin B is an antibacterial small molecule available in injectable, topical, ophthalmic, otic, inhalation, and various solution-based formulations
- It is used for managing infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and bloodstream caused by susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- It is approved for human and veterinary use in the US and Canada
Clinical Overview
Polymyxin B exerts bactericidal activity by targeting the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria. Its positively charged diaminobutyric acid residues bind the negatively charged phosphate groups of lipid A within lipopolysaccharide. This interaction displaces stabilizing calcium and magnesium ions, disrupts membrane integrity, increases permeability, and leads to leakage of intracellular contents. The compound also binds and neutralizes lipopolysaccharide released during cell lysis, reducing endotoxin-driven inflammatory responses. In addition, inhibition of type II NADH‑quinone oxidoreductases in the inner membrane interferes with bacterial respiration.
Absorption after enteral administration is poor, which aligns with its primary use via parenteral or topical routes. The drug undergoes negligible metabolism, and most circulating drug is eliminated unchanged. Because Polymyxin B has a narrow therapeutic index, careful dose selection and monitoring are required, particularly in patients with renal impairment.
Major toxicity concerns include nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, which limit use to situations where alternative agents are unsuitable or resistance patterns necessitate its selection. Clinical formulations often combine Polymyxin B with other antimicrobials for specific topical or ophthalmic uses, and its usage pattern reflects stewardship principles aimed at minimizing toxicity and preventing resistance.
For API procurement, sourcing should prioritize manufacturers that provide validated impurity profiles, consistent polymyxin composition, and robust controls for peptide heterogeneity. Compliance with pharmacopeial specifications and reliable documentation of quality and traceability is essential due to the compound’s narrow therapeutic index and safety-sensitive application.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Polymyxin B |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 1404-26-8 |
| UNII | J2VZ07J96K |
| DrugBank ID | DB00781 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Polymyxin B is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that binds lipid A in the outer membrane of Gram‑negative bacteria, displacing stabilizing cations and disrupting membrane integrity. It also neutralizes free lipopolysaccharide and inhibits type II NADH‑quinone oxidoreductases in the inner membrane, impairing bacterial respiration. These combined actions lead to rapid membrane permeabilization and death of susceptible Gram‑negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | The alpha and gamma diaminobutyric acid of a positively charged polymyxin B forms an electrostatic interaction with the phosphate groups of a negatively charged lipid A on the outer membrane of a Gram negative bacterium. Calcium and Magnesium ions are displaced from phosphates of the membrane lipids, destabalising the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), increasing membrane permeability, causing cytoplasmic leaking, and killing the cell. Polymyxin B can also bind and neutralize LPS released during bacterial lysis, preventing reactions to endotoxin. A third activity of polymyxin B is the inhibition of type II NADH-quinone oxidoreductases in the bacterial inner membrane, which are essential for respiration. Polymyxin is active against common Gram negative bacteria but not Gram negative cocci, Gram positive bacteria, or anaerobic bacteria. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Polymyxin B is an antibiotic that disrupts the outer cell membrane of Gram negative bacteria, binds and neutralizes lipopolysaccharide, and inhibits respiration of Gram-negative bacterial cells. Polymyxin B can be given by a number of routes to treat susceptible Gram negative bacterial infections. Absorption of the drug is poor (though not necessary for most of its activity) and the excreted drug is unchanged by metabolic processes. Polymyxin B is generally indicated for susceptible Gram negative infections of the urinary tract, meninges, and blood stream[FDA Label]. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Bacterial outer membrane | Bacteria | incorporation into and destabilization |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Administration by the oral route does not lead to absorption. |
|---|---|
| Half-life | In one study the half life was 9 to 11.5 hours. However, a Canadian monograph states the half life to be 6 hours, and 48-72 hours in patients with renal insufficiency. |
| Protein binding | Polymyxin B is 79% to 92% bound to proteins. Polymyxin B is likely 92 to 99% protein bound in circulation, though the exact proteins have not been identified. |
| Metabolism | There is little data available for the metabolism of polymyxin B. In one study, <1% of polymyxin B was eliminated through the kidneys and it had not been metabolised. Polymyxin B has also been found in bile, not having undergone metabolic processes. |
| Route of elimination | Polymyxin B is proposed to be primarily eliminated through renal tubular reabsorption and non-renal pathways. Urine collection in humans and animals show <5% of polymyxin B eliminated from the kidneys. However, a Canadian product monograph states the drug is primarily eliminated through the kidneys and that 60% of polymyxin B is recovered in the urine. This discrepancy can be explained by the 12 to 24 hour lag time between administration and significant elimination of polymyxin B. Non-renal elimination is not well understood but all 4 components of polymyxin B have been detected in bile. |
| Volume of distribution | 1 compartment models estimate the volume of distribution to be 34.3L to 47.2L. However, the general consensus is that the volume of distribution is yet to be determined. |
| Clearance | 1 compartment models estimate clearance to be 2.37L/h to 2.5L/h. |
Formulation & handling
- Polymyxin B is a cyclic peptide antibiotic with poor oral absorption, so clinical use relies on topical, ophthalmic, inhalation, and parenteral formulations.
- Lyophilized injectable presentations require careful reconstitution and protection from excessive heat and moisture due to limited aqueous solubility and peptide‑like degradation pathways.
- Topical and ophthalmic products benefit from stabilized aqueous or semi-solid vehicles to maintain activity given the compound’s hydrophilicity and sensitivity to adsorption onto plastics.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | Patent protection for the API is expired or nearing expiry, indicating a transition toward a mature market phase in the US and Canada. Commercial presence in both markets suggests stable, established utilization with increasing generic participation. |
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| Markets | US, Canada |
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Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Polymyxin B is an established, off‑patent antibiotic with no active exclusivities, and manufacturing is supplied entirely by generic drug producers rather than a current originator. Branded presence in the US and Canada is primarily through combination first‑aid and antibiotic kits rather than standalone proprietary products. Patent expiry long ago supports broad existing generic competition and a mature global supply base. |
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Safety
| Toxicity | Nephrotoxicity can occur in patients as polymyxin B is thought to accumulate in renal cells after renal tubular reabsorption. This accumulation can lead to apoptosis of renal cells and decrease in renal function. In recent studies, acute kidney injury (AKI) has been seen in 31.3% to 39.4% of patients receiving polymyxin B. Overdose cases can cause neuromuscular block leading to apnea, muscular weakness, vertigo, transient facial parasthesia, slurred speed, vasomotor instability, visual disturbance, confusion, psychosis, and respiratory arrest. Renal failure has also been seen through decreased urine output, and increased serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen. Overdose of polymyxin B is treated by stopping the drug and beginning symptomatic treatment. Intravenous administration of mannitol may enhance renal clearance, and hemodialysis may manage renal complications. Safety of polymyxin B has not been established in pregnancy, breast feeding, pediatrics, and geriatrics. Polymyxin B should no be used in pregnancy unless the benefit outweighs the risk. Nursing mothers should either stop nursing or stop polymyxin B treatment depending on the risks to both the mother and child. Pediatric patients should be frequently monitored for renal function and no dosing information is available in children under 2 years of age. Geriatric patients should have renal function assessed before and regularly during therapy. |
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- Demonstrates dose‑dependent nephrotoxicity linked to renal tubular accumulation, with reported acute kidney injury incidence around one‑third of exposed subjects
- High systemic exposure or overdose may precipitate neuromuscular blockade, CNS effects, and respiratory compromise, alongside renal function deterioration
- Safety data remain limited for pregnancy, lactation, pediatric, and geriatric populations, reflecting incomplete characterization of exposure‑related risks in these groups
Polymyxin B Sulfate is a type of Antibacterials
Antibacterials, a category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. These APIs are chemical compounds that target and inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, helping to eliminate harmful bacterial pathogens from the body.
Antibacterials are essential for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and more. They are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to combat both mild and severe bacterial infections.
Within the category of antibacterials, there are different classes and subclasses of APIs, each with distinct mechanisms of action and target bacteria. Some commonly used antibacterials include penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. These APIs work by interfering with various aspects of bacterial cellular processes, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or enzyme activity.
The development and production of antibacterial APIs require stringent quality control measures to ensure their safety, efficacy, and purity. Pharmaceutical manufacturers must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and follow rigorous testing protocols to guarantee the quality and consistency of these APIs.
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to be a significant concern, ongoing research and development efforts aim to discover and develop new antibacterial APIs. The evolution of antibacterials plays a crucial role in combating emerging bacterial strains and ensuring effective treatment options for infectious diseases.
In summary, antibacterials are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used to treat bacterial infections. They are designed to inhibit or kill bacteria, and their development requires strict adherence to quality control standards. By continually advancing research in this field, scientists and pharmaceutical companies can contribute to the ongoing battle against bacterial infections.
Polymyxin B Sulfate API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Polymyxin B Sulfate API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 13 companies offering Polymyxin B Sulfate API, with manufacturing taking place in 6 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antoney Biotech | Producer | China | China | CoA, FDA, MSDS, USDMF | 2 products |
| Biotika A.S. | Producer | Slovenia | Slovenia | CEP, CoA, GMP, USDMF | 2 products |
| Caesar & Loretz GmbH (CAE... | Distributor | Germany | Unknown | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 211 products |
| Changzhou Comwin Fine Che... | Producer | China | China | BSE/TSE, CEP, CoA, GMP, MSDS, USDMF | 235 products |
| Chr. Olesen Group | Distributor | Denmark | China, Denmark | CEP, CoA, GMP, MSDS, USDMF | 252 products |
| Duchefa Farma B.V. | Distributor | Netherlands | Denmark | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS, WC | 170 products |
| Gonane Pharma | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, MSDS | 166 products |
| K. Sevantilal & Co. | Producer | India | India | CoA | 8 products |
| Pharm Rx Chemical Corp | Distributor | United States | China | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, MSDS, USDMF | 166 products |
| Rochem International, Inc... | Distributor | United States | United States | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 144 products |
| Sinoway industrial Co.,Lt... | Distributor | China | China | CEP, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS, USDMF | 757 products |
| Xellia | Producer | Denmark | Unknown | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, USDMF | 9 products |
| Yancheng YouHua | Producer | China | China | CoA, USDMF | 2 products |
When sending a request, specify which Polymyxin B Sulfate API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Polymyxin B Sulfate API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
