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- Dimercaptosuccinic acid
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Dimercaptosuccinic acid | CAS No: 2418-14-6 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that serves as a chelating agent for treating heavy metal poisoning by facilitating the removal of lead, mercury, and arsenic from the body.
Therapeutic categories
Product Snapshot
- Dimercaptosuccinic acid is available as a lyophilized powder injection intended for intravenous administration
- The compound is primarily used for chelation therapy in cases of heavy metal poisoning
- It is approved and marketed in the US, with both approved and experimental statuses noted
Clinical Overview
Clinically, dimercaptosuccinic acid is used as an antidote for heavy metal poisoning, particularly for chelation therapy in cases of lead, mercury, and arsenic exposure. Its mechanism of action involves the formation of stable complexes with these toxic metal ions, facilitating their mobilization and subsequent excretion from the body, thus reducing metal bioavailability and tissue accumulation.
Pharmacokinetic data indicate that dimercaptosuccinic acid is administered orally. It has limited systemic absorption and undergoes renal excretion predominantly as the chelated complexes with heavy metals. Metabolic transformation of the compound is minimal; the clearance rate is influenced by the extent of complex formation and renal function.
Safety and toxicity profiles have been evaluated in both experimental and clinical settings. The compound is generally well-tolerated when used according to recommended dosing regimens, although adverse effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances and allergic reactions can occur. Caution is advised in patients with compromised renal function due to the reliance on renal clearance mechanisms. Use during pregnancy and lactation should be carefully considered based on benefit-risk assessment.
Dimercaptosuccinic acid is marketed under various brand names globally and is employed in both approved and investigational contexts for metal chelation. It is also utilized in research environments due to its metal-binding properties.
When sourcing dimercaptosuccinic acid as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is critical to ensure compliance with pharmacopeial standards, particularly regarding purity, residual solvents, and heavy metal content. Suppliers should provide comprehensive analytical documentation, including certificates of analysis consistent with regulatory requirements, to assure batch-to-batch consistency and product quality.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Dimercaptosuccinic acid |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 2418-14-6 |
| UNII | 4S9JU7XF01 |
| DrugBank ID | DB14089 |
Pharmacology
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Mercury | Humans | chelator |
| Arsenic | Humans | chelator |
Formulation & handling
- Dimercaptosuccinic acid is a small molecule API primarily formulated for intravenous injection as a lyophilized powder.
- The compound exhibits moderate water solubility, facilitating reconstitution into aqueous injection solutions.
- No peptide or biologic properties are present, and handling should consider its sulfur-containing thia fatty acid structure for stability.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has patent protection expiring in the US within the next 12 months, indicating an approaching transition from exclusive market rights to potential generic competition. This suggests a maturing market with increasing opportunities for alternative manufacturers. |
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| Markets | US |
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Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Dimercaptosuccinic acid is supplied primarily through originator companies with branded products available in the US market. The presence of branded formulations such as Dimercaptosuccinic Acid DMSA and Rotop-Dmsa suggests established sourcing options. Patent expirations in this space indicate the likelihood of existing or forthcoming generic competition. |
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Dimercaptosuccinic acid is a type of Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents
Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents are an important category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that play a critical role in healthcare and toxicology. These substances are designed to counteract the effects of poisons, toxins, and overdoses, thereby saving lives and preventing severe health consequences.
Antidotes are substances that neutralize the toxic effects of certain drugs, chemicals, or poisons. They work by either directly binding to the toxic substance or by blocking its harmful actions on the body. Antidotes are administered in emergency situations to quickly reverse the effects of poisoning and restore normal physiological functions.
Deterrents, on the other hand, are pharmaceutical agents used to discourage or prevent harmful behaviors, such as substance abuse. They are designed to make the ingestion or misuse of certain substances unpleasant or less desirable. Deterrents can be formulated to cause unpleasant side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when a particular substance is consumed in excessive amounts.
Toxicologic agents encompass a broad range of pharmaceutical APIs used in toxicology studies and research. These substances are employed to investigate the toxicity, metabolism, and mechanisms of action of various chemicals and compounds. Toxicologic agents are vital for understanding the potential hazards and risks associated with certain substances, ensuring the safety of drugs, and developing effective treatments for poisoning cases.
In conclusion, Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents are essential categories of pharmaceutical APIs that address poisoning emergencies, deter harmful behaviors, and enable toxicological research. Their development and availability are crucial for safeguarding public health, enhancing patient care, and advancing our understanding of toxicology.
