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Calcium | CAS No: 7440-70-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that supports bone health and neuromuscular function by helping manage calcium deficiency and related metabolic or musculoskeletal conditions across diverse patient populations.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways
- It is vital in cell signaling, muscular contractions, bone health, and signalling cascades
Product Snapshot
- Calcium is available mainly as oral mineral formulations with multiple solid and liquid dosage forms, plus limited parenteral solutions
- It is used for dietary supplementation to support bone matrix maintenance, neuromuscular function, and general biochemical signaling requirements
- In the US and Canada it is marketed as a nutraceutical rather than an FDA‑ or Health Canada‑approved drug
Clinical Overview
Calcium functions as a ubiquitous second messenger, regulating neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction across all muscle types, and enzyme activation, including several factors in the coagulation cascade. It is critical for maintaining transmembrane electrochemical gradients and contributes to the structural integrity of bone, where approximately 99 percent of total body calcium is stored.
Its mechanism of action reflects tightly regulated homeostasis. Circulating calcium exists in ionized and protein-bound fractions, with serum albumin representing a major binding partner. Parathyroid hormone promotes calcium mobilization from bone, while calcitonin favors incorporation into bone tissue. Daily skeletal turnover is modest but continuous, supporting dynamic equilibrium. Absorption varies by salt form; carbonate and phosphate are typically well absorbed, while gluconate, lactate, and citrate offer alternatives useful in specific populations such as pregnant women or older adults.
Absorption occurs primarily in the small intestine through active transport and passive diffusion. Distribution is widespread, with free Ca2+ critical for intracellular signaling. Excess calcium is eliminated mainly through renal excretion, with homeostatic regulation preventing substantial fluctuations in serum concentrations under normal physiologic conditions.
Safety considerations include the potential for hypercalcemia, gastrointestinal intolerance, and interactions with phosphate balance. Patients with renal impairment or conditions affecting mineral metabolism may require careful monitoring. Calcium salts are widely available in antacid products, bone health supplements, and therapeutic formulations for hypocalcemia.
For API procurement, sourcing should prioritize consistent salt form specification, verified mineral purity, and control of elemental contaminants. Compliance with pharmacopeial standards and robust traceability is essential for formulation suitability and regulatory acceptance.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Calcium |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 7440-70-2 |
| UNII | SY7Q814VUP |
| DrugBank ID | DB01373 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Calcium supplements provide bioavailable Ca2+ to support physiological processes that rely on regulated calcium signaling, including neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and blood‑clotting enzyme activation. Their pharmacologic effect reflects participation in calcium-dependent pathways mediated by targets such as L‑type calcium channels, calmodulin, and troponin complexes. Supplementation also helps maintain extracellular calcium levels that support bone mineralization and skeletal calcium homeostasis. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Calcium plays a vital role in the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of organisms and of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. More than 500 human proteins are known to bind or transport calcium. The skeleton acts as a major mineral storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ ions into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as serum albumin. Parathyroid hormone (secreted from the parathyroid gland) regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone. Calcitonin stimulates incorporation of calcium in bone, although this process is largely independent of calcitonin. Although calcium flow to and from the bone is neutral, about 5 mmol is turned over a day. Bone serves as an important storage point for calcium, as it contains 99% of the total body calcium. Low calcium intake may also be a risk factor in the development of osteoporosis. The best-absorbed form of calcium from a pill is a calcium salt like carbonate or phosphate. Calcium gluconate and calcium lactate are absorbed well by pregnant women. Seniors absorb calcium lactate, gluconate and citrate better unless they take their calcium supplement with a full breakfast. The currently recommended calcium intake is 1,500 milligrams per day for women not taking estrogen and 800 milligrams per day for women on estrogen. There is close to 300 milligrams of calcium in one cup of fluid milk. Calcium carbonate is currently the best and least expensive form of calcium supplement available. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in the physiology and biochemistry of organisms and the cell. It plays an important role in signal transduction pathways, where it acts as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, contraction of all muscle cell types, and fertilization. Many enzymes require calcium ions as a cofactor, those of the blood-clotting cascade being notable examples. Extracellular calcium is also important for maintaining the potential difference across excitable cell membranes, as well as proper bone formation. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C | Humans | ligand |
| Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 | Humans | agonist |
| Troponin C, skeletal muscle | Humans | agonist |
ADME / PK
| Route of elimination | The kidney excretes 250 mmol a day in urine, and resorbs 245 mmol, leading to a net loss in the urine of 5 mmol/d. |
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Formulation & handling
- Low aqueous solubility necessitates use of soluble calcium salts or effervescent/acidified systems for oral formulations to ensure adequate dispersion.
- Parenteral and intravenous products require fully soluble calcium salts and careful control of osmolarity and compatibility to prevent precipitation.
- Oral formulations may need attention to food‑dependent absorption variability and avoidance of interactions with other minerals or chelating excipients.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The API is marketed in Canada and the United States, where key patents have expired or are near expiry, indicating a mature competitive landscape. Overall, the product is in a late‑stage lifecycle with limited remaining exclusivity. |
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| Markets | Canada, US |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Calcium ingredients are supplied by numerous packagers rather than a single originator, reflecting its status as a commodity mineral with no proprietary developer. Branded multivitamin and calcium-containing products are widely present in the US and Canada, indicating broad market penetration across general consumer health categories. As a non‑patented substance, calcium faces established and ongoing generic and private‑label competition. |
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Good Manufacturing Practices
Active pharmaceutical ingredients are made in GMP-certified manufacturing facilities. GMP stands for Good Manufacturing Practices and is the main standard in the pharmaceutical industry. cGMP or Current GMP means that the company complies with the most recent requirements/version of GMP. The WHO has its own guideline for GMP, the World Health Organization or WHO GMP. The authority that has audited the company can also be from a country like China (Chinese GMP) or from the EU (EU GMP), every authority has different GMP requirements.
Calcium is a type of Calcium regulators
Calcium regulators are a vital subcategory of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) used in the field of medicine. These compounds play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium levels within the body. Calcium is an essential mineral that participates in numerous physiological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and bone health.
Pharmaceutical APIs classified as calcium regulators are designed to modulate the levels of calcium in the body, either by increasing or decreasing its concentration as needed. These APIs act by targeting specific mechanisms involved in calcium regulation, such as calcium channels, transporters, or enzymes.
Calcium regulators find application in the treatment of various medical conditions. For instance, drugs that promote calcium absorption or enhance bone mineral density can be employed to manage osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Conversely, medications that inhibit calcium channels or reduce calcium levels are used in the treatment of conditions like hypertension or cardiac arrhythmias.
The development of calcium regulators involves extensive research and rigorous testing to ensure their safety and efficacy. Pharmaceutical companies invest significant resources in the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of these APIs. Additionally, regulatory authorities closely monitor the production and distribution of calcium regulators to ensure compliance with stringent quality standards.
In summary, calcium regulators are a specialized category of pharmaceutical APIs that play a crucial role in maintaining calcium balance within the body. These compounds are integral to the treatment of various medical conditions and require rigorous research and testing to ensure their effectiveness and safety.
Calcium (Calcium regulators), classified under Metabolic Bone Disease Agents
Metabolic Bone Disease Agents are a category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that are specifically designed to treat and manage conditions related to the bones and their metabolism. These agents play a crucial role in the treatment of various metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and rickets.
The primary function of Metabolic Bone Disease Agents is to regulate bone remodeling and maintain bone health. They achieve this by targeting specific pathways involved in bone metabolism, such as osteoclast and osteoblast activity, calcium regulation, and vitamin D metabolism.
These APIs are commonly used in the development of medications, including oral tablets, injectables, and topical formulations, for the effective treatment of metabolic bone diseases. They are carefully formulated to optimize their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, ensuring maximum efficacy and minimal side effects.
Metabolic Bone Disease Agents encompass a range of substances, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), calcitonin, and vitamin D analogs. These APIs act through different mechanisms to address specific aspects of bone health, such as inhibiting bone resorption, promoting bone formation, or regulating calcium levels.
In conclusion, Metabolic Bone Disease Agents are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used in the development of medications for the treatment and management of various metabolic bone diseases. These agents target specific pathways involved in bone metabolism to regulate bone remodeling, enhance bone health, and alleviate the symptoms associated with these conditions.
Calcium API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Calcium API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 9 companies offering Calcium API, with manufacturing taking place in 7 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acta minerals | Producer | Netherlands | Netherlands | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, MSDS | 67 products |
| Cerbios-Pharma | Producer | Switzerland | Switzerland | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 9 products |
| Fermion | Producer | Finland | Finland | CoA | 29 products |
| FSP Galena | Producer | Poland | Poland | CEP, CoA | 2 products |
| Jost Chemical | Producer | United States | United States | CoA, USDMF | 14 products |
| Purac Biochem | Producer | Netherlands | Netherlands | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 2 products |
| Ruibang Laboraties | Producer | China | China | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP | 10 products |
| Shandong Xinhong | Producer | China | China | CoA | 3 products |
| Tomita Pharmaceutical | Producer | Japan | Japan | CoA, JDMF, USDMF | 10 products |
When sending a request, specify which Calcium API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Calcium API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
Frequently asked questions about Calcium API
Sourcing
What matters most when sourcing GMP-grade Calcium?
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Technical
What is Calcium (CAS 7440-70-2) used for?
Which therapeutic class does Calcium fall into?
What conditions is Calcium mainly prescribed for?
How does Calcium work?
What should someone know about the safety or toxicity profile of Calcium?
What are important formulation and handling considerations for Calcium as an API?
Is Calcium a small molecule?
Are there special stability concerns for oral Calcium?
Regulatory
Where is Calcium approved or in use globally?
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Pharmaoffer
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