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Phenol | CAS No: 108-95-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that provides temporary relief of minor sore throat, mouth irritation, canker sore discomfort, and supports controlled clinical management of focal spasticity.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Phenol is primarily indicated for minor sore throat pain, sore mouth, minor mouth irritation, and pain associated with canker sores
- Additionally, phenol is indicated in the treatment of focal spasticity
Product Snapshot
- Phenol is a small‑molecule active available in multiple topical, oral, and injectable formulations
- It is used for local pain relief in minor oral and oropharyngeal irritation and for certain focal spasticity applications
- It is approved in the US and Canada, with some uses classified as experimental
Clinical Overview
Phenol exhibits broad antimicrobial activity against many bacteria, select fungi, and certain viruses. Its activity against spores is limited and slow. As a proteolytic agent, concentrations in the 5 to 7 percent range dissolve tissue on contact, contributing to both its antiseptic properties and its capacity for controlled chemical ablation. Injection near peripheral nerves produces nonselective neurolysis, with early-onset local anesthetic effects generally occurring within several minutes.
Absorption occurs readily through intact and damaged skin and mucosa, with rapid distribution and primary hepatic metabolism via conjugation pathways. Excretion is predominantly renal as conjugated metabolites. Systemic exposure is associated with dose-dependent toxicity, and accumulation is possible with repeated high-level contact.
Phenol vapors and solutions are corrosive and can cause severe dermal, ocular, and respiratory injury. Systemic toxicity may manifest as central nervous system depression, cardiovascular instability, or renal impairment following significant exposure. Reproductive toxicity signals have been reported in observational studies citing associations with spontaneous abortion. Phenol has historical misuse in contexts unrelated to therapeutic application; these do not reflect current medical practice.
Commercially, phenol is found in certain throat sprays such as formulations containing 1.4 percent phenol for oromucosal analgesia, as well as products used in podiatric phenolization procedures for ingrown toenails.
For API procurement, sourcing should prioritize material produced under validated chemical synthesis and purification controls, with tight specifications for residual solvents, impurities, and stabilizers due to phenol’s reactivity and toxicity profile. Consistent quality documentation and supply chain traceability are essential.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Phenol |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 108-95-2 |
| UNII | 339NCG44TV |
| DrugBank ID | DB03255 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Phenol acts as a potent proteolytic and neurolytic agent, dissolving superficial tissues on contact and disrupting nerve structure at higher concentrations. Its activity involves nonspecific protein denaturation, including interactions with serum albumin and proteases such as thermolysin. These actions produce local anesthetic effects and reduce peripheral nerve signaling relevant to symptomatic relief and focal spasticity management. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Phenol is a potent proteolytic agent. Concentrations in the 5% to 7% range dissolve tissue on contact via proteolysis. In high concentrations when injected next to a nerve, phenol produces a chemical neurolysis which is nonselective across nerve fiber size and most prominent on its outer aspect. Local anesthetic effects occur within 5-10 minutes. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Serum albumin | Humans | |
| Thermolysin | Bacillus thermoproteolyticus |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Phenol is rapidly absorbed through the skin and into the lungs. |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | Phenyl sulfate, phenyl glucuronide, quinol sulfate, and quinol glucuronide were detected in human beings as phenol metabolites. |
| Route of elimination | The kidney is the primary route of elimination of phenol. |
| Volume of distribution | At I5 min after exposure, the liver contained the highest level of phenol, consisting mainly of free phenol. After 82 minutes post administration, phenol is uniformly distributed in the liver, blood, kidneys, lungs, along with the heart, testes, thymus and the spleen. With the passage of time, the proportion of free to conjugated phenol changed. By 360 minutes most phenol appears in conjugated forms. |
| Clearance | In rabbits, 72% is excreted in the urine, 1% in the feces, 4% in the carcass following sacrifice, and trace amounts were exhaled. |
Formulation & handling
- Phenol is a small, highly water‑soluble organic solid commonly formulated as aqueous topical, oral, buccal, and injectable solutions, where solvent choice and pH control are critical for stability and irritation management.
- Its corrosive and volatile nature requires controlled handling, use of compatible container materials, and attention to evaporation and oxidation during manufacturing and storage.
- For injectable or submucosal uses, low‑particulate, well‑buffered solutions are needed to limit tissue irritation and ensure consistent local anesthetic or antiseptic performance.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | Patent protection in the US and Canada places the API in a **** lifecycle stage, depending on the proximity to final patent expiry. As patents lapse and generic entry becomes possible, the markets are expected to transition toward a more mature, competitive landscape. |
|---|
| Markets | US, Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Phenol is a long‑established chemical ingredient with no single originator; supply is driven by multiple packagers that formulate and distribute it for various therapeutic and consumer uses. Branded products containing phenol are widely available in the US and Canada, indicating broad market penetration without region‑specific exclusivity. Patent protection is not relevant for this mature substance, so generic and multi‑source competition is already fully present. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Mouse, Subcutaneous, LD50: 0.3-0.35 g/kg. (Duplay and Cazin, 1891; Tollens, 1905). Rat, Subcutaneous, LD50: 0.45. (Deichmann and Witherup, 1944). Rat, Oral, LD50: 0.53. (Deichmann and Witherup, 1944). Rat, Oral, LD50: 0.65. (Flickinger, 1976). Rat, Cutaneous, LD50: 0.67. (Conning and Hayes, 1970). |
|---|
- Acute toxicity is route‑dependent, with reported LD50 values in rodents ranging from ~0
- 3–0
- 67 g/kg, indicating significant systemic hazard upon subcutaneous, oral, or dermal exposure
Phenol is a type of Disinfectants
Disinfectants are a crucial subcategory of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that play a vital role in maintaining cleanliness and preventing the spread of harmful microorganisms. These chemical agents are designed to eliminate or inhibit the growth of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other pathogens on various surfaces and objects.
Pharmaceutical-grade disinfectants are formulated to meet stringent quality standards and are commonly used in hospitals, laboratories, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, and other healthcare settings. They are also utilized in the food and beverage industry, as well as in households, to ensure proper sanitation and hygiene.
Disinfectants typically contain active ingredients such as quaternary ammonium compounds, chlorine compounds, hydrogen peroxide, or alcohol, which have been proven effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. These active ingredients work by disrupting the cell membranes or enzymatic processes of the pathogens, rendering them incapable of replication and causing their eventual destruction.
When selecting a disinfectant, factors such as the intended application, target microorganisms, and compatibility with the surfaces or objects being treated need to be considered. It is crucial to follow proper usage instructions and adhere to recommended contact times for effective disinfection.
In conclusion, disinfectants are essential pharmaceutical APIs used to control and prevent the spread of harmful microorganisms. Their efficacy in eliminating pathogens makes them indispensable in maintaining cleanliness and ensuring public health and safety.
Phenol (Disinfectants), classified under Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents
Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents are an important category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that play a critical role in healthcare and toxicology. These substances are designed to counteract the effects of poisons, toxins, and overdoses, thereby saving lives and preventing severe health consequences.
Antidotes are substances that neutralize the toxic effects of certain drugs, chemicals, or poisons. They work by either directly binding to the toxic substance or by blocking its harmful actions on the body. Antidotes are administered in emergency situations to quickly reverse the effects of poisoning and restore normal physiological functions.
Deterrents, on the other hand, are pharmaceutical agents used to discourage or prevent harmful behaviors, such as substance abuse. They are designed to make the ingestion or misuse of certain substances unpleasant or less desirable. Deterrents can be formulated to cause unpleasant side effects, such as nausea or vomiting, when a particular substance is consumed in excessive amounts.
Toxicologic agents encompass a broad range of pharmaceutical APIs used in toxicology studies and research. These substances are employed to investigate the toxicity, metabolism, and mechanisms of action of various chemicals and compounds. Toxicologic agents are vital for understanding the potential hazards and risks associated with certain substances, ensuring the safety of drugs, and developing effective treatments for poisoning cases.
In conclusion, Antidotes, Deterrents, and Toxicologic Agents are essential categories of pharmaceutical APIs that address poisoning emergencies, deter harmful behaviors, and enable toxicological research. Their development and availability are crucial for safeguarding public health, enhancing patient care, and advancing our understanding of toxicology.
Phenol API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Phenol API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 4 companies offering Phenol API, with manufacturing taking place in 4 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caesar & Loretz GmbH (CAE... | Distributor | Germany | Unknown | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 211 products |
| Duchefa Farma B.V. | Distributor | Netherlands | Germany | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 170 products |
| GMP Pharma | Producer | United Kingdom | United Kingdom | CoA, GMP | 50 products |
| Hänseler AG | Distributor | Switzerland | Switzerland | CoA, GMP, MSDS | 174 products |
When sending a request, specify which Phenol API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Phenol API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
Frequently asked questions about Phenol API
Sourcing
What matters most when sourcing GMP-grade Phenol?
Which documents are typically required when sourcing Phenol API?
Which manufacturers are known to produce Phenol API?
How can I request quotes for Phenol API from GMP suppliers?
Is a GMP audit report available for Phenol manufacturers?
How many suppliers offer Phenol API on Pharmaoffer?
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Which certifications do suppliers of Phenol usually hold?
Technical
What is Phenol (CAS 108-95-2) used for?
Which therapeutic class does Phenol fall into?
What conditions is Phenol mainly prescribed for?
How does Phenol work?
What should someone know about the safety or toxicity profile of Phenol?
What are important formulation and handling considerations for Phenol as an API?
Is Phenol a small molecule?
Are there special stability concerns for oral Phenol?
Regulatory
Where is Phenol approved or in use globally?
What’s the regulatory and patent landscape for Phenol right now?
Pharmaoffer
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