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Etomidate | CAS No: 33125-97-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that supports reliable induction of general anesthesia by providing rapid, stable hypnosis for surgical and emergency care needs in major markets.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Used in the induction of general anesthesia
Product Snapshot
- Etomidate is supplied as an intravenous injectable solution or emulsion for parenteral administration
- It is used for rapid induction of general anesthesia in procedural and surgical settings
- It is approved in the US and Canada
Clinical Overview
Pharmacologically, etomidate acts at the reticular activating system to induce hypnosis without providing analgesia. Onset occurs within one circulation time, and recovery after a single dose is typically rapid because of extensive redistribution from the brain to peripheral tissues and subsequent metabolic clearance. The duration of effect is intermediate between thiopental and methohexital.
Etomidate enhances gamma‑aminobutyric acid (GABA)–mediated inhibitory neurotransmission by binding to a distinct site on the GABAA receptor complex. This interaction increases the time that the associated chloride ion channel remains open, prolonging postsynaptic inhibition in thalamic and cortical pathways. The resulting depression of central nervous system activity produces hypnosis while sparing most autonomic and cardiovascular reflexes.
Absorption is irrelevant due to intravenous administration. Distribution is rapid and extensive because of high lipid solubility and protein binding. Metabolism occurs mainly via hepatic and plasma esterases to inactive metabolites, with renal excretion of conjugated products. Elimination is characterized by a short context‑sensitive half‑time, supporting its use for induction rather than prolonged infusion.
Safety considerations include dose‑dependent respiratory depression, myoclonus, and transient adrenal suppression due to inhibition of 11‑beta‑hydroxylase. It does not provide analgesia and must be paired with appropriate analgesic agents when needed. Etomidate is marketed in various formulations for anesthesia induction in operating room and emergency settings.
For API procurement, sourcing should focus on suppliers with demonstrated control of stereochemical purity, residual solvent levels, and particulate and endotoxin limits to ensure suitability for sterile injectable manufacture.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Etomidate |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 33125-97-2 |
| UNII | Z22628B598 |
| DrugBank ID | DB00292 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Etomidate enhances inhibitory signaling at GABA‑A receptors by prolonging chloride channel opening, leading to depression of central nervous system activity. It produces rapid-onset hypnosis through actions on the reticular‑activating system, with recovery driven by redistribution and metabolism. Its pharmacologic effects support its use in inducing general anesthesia without providing analgesia. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Etomidate binds at a distinct binding site associated with a Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, increasing the duration of time for which the Cl<sup>-</sup> ionopore is open. The post-synaptic inhibitory effect of GABA in the thalamus is, therefore, prolonged. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Etomidate is a non-barbiturate hypnotic that acts at the level of the reticular-activating system to produce anesthesia. Etomidate is an imidazole compound that appears to depress CNS function via GABA. Duration of action is intermediate between thiopental and methohexital, and recovery from a single dose is rapid with little residual depression. Like the barbiturates and propofol, etomidate is does not induce analgesia. Etomidate induces unconsciousness within one circulation time. Recovery is rapid as a result of extensive redistribution and rapid metabolism. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Humans | agonist |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | Humans | agonist |
| GABA(A) Receptor | Humans | positive allosteric modulator |
ADME / PK
| Half-life | 75 minutes. |
|---|---|
| Protein binding | 76%, primarily to serum albumin. |
| Metabolism | Hepatic. Metabolized rapidly by ester hydrolysis to inactive metabolites. |
| Route of elimination | Approximately 75% of the administered dose is excreted in the urine during the first day after injection. |
Formulation & handling
- Etomidate is formulated exclusively for parenteral/IV use, with low aqueous solubility necessitating solvent systems or oil-in-water emulsions for suitable injectability.
- The small‑molecule API is handled as a solid but is typically processed into stabilized solutions or emulsions to mitigate precipitation and maintain physical stability.
- Formulations should control pH and protect from excessive light and oxidation to preserve chemical stability during storage and handling.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | Patent protections are nearing expiry, indicating a transition toward a more mature market with expected generic entry. In the US and Canada, the API is already established, suggesting limited remaining lifecycle growth beyond post‑expiry competitive dynamics. |
|---|
| Markets | US, Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Etomidate’s supply chain is dominated by multiple established generic manufacturers and packagers, indicating that no single originator company currently anchors production. Branded products such as Amidate are available primarily in the US and Canada, but the molecule’s age and expired patent status have led to a fully genericized market. This results in broad manufacturer participation and ongoing multi‑source availability. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Undesirable side effects of etomidate that may limit its use include pain on injection, myoclonus and adrenocortical suppression lasting 4-6 hours following an induction dose. |
|---|
- Transient myoclonus and injection‑site discomfort are common acute reactions
- Appropriate controls may be required during handling and administration studies
- The compound produces measurable adrenocortical suppression for several hours post‑exposure, relevant for workflows involving endocrine monitoring or steroid‑dependent assays
Certificate of Suitability
CEP (also known as COS) is a certificate that proves that qualifies to the relevant monograph of the European Pharmacopoeia. It links the monograph in the Ph.Eur. to the API itself. A CEP is submitted by the manufacturer as part of the market authorization process, and they will become the CEP holder of the document. Being a European certificate, the CEP is granted by the EDQM but is recognized by other countries or institutes such as the FDA in the US. Furthermore, just like the DMF, the data as submitted in the CEP is handled strictly confidential and provides a centralized system recognized by many countries.
Etomidate is a type of Intravenous anesthetics
Intravenous anesthetics are a vital subcategory of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in medical procedures that require general anesthesia. These potent compounds are administered intravenously to induce a controlled state of unconsciousness, allowing patients to undergo surgeries or other invasive procedures without pain or discomfort.
One of the primary benefits of intravenous anesthetics is their rapid onset of action. These APIs quickly enter the bloodstream upon injection, facilitating a swift and predictable induction of anesthesia. Additionally, their potency allows for precise control of the depth of anesthesia, ensuring patient safety throughout the procedure.
Commonly used intravenous anesthetics include propofol, etomidate, and barbiturates. Propofol, for instance, is a short-acting agent that offers smooth and rapid induction and recovery, making it ideal for outpatient surgeries. Etomidate, on the other hand, provides hemodynamic stability and is commonly used in patients with cardiovascular conditions.
The use of intravenous anesthetics requires expertise and careful monitoring due to their potential side effects, such as respiratory depression and cardiovascular instability. However, their controlled and reversible nature allows for a tailored anesthesia experience, minimizing the risk of complications and ensuring patient comfort.
In summary, intravenous anesthetics are crucial pharmaceutical APIs used in anesthesia practice. Their rapid onset, precise control, and reversible effects make them essential tools for anesthesiologists, enabling safe and effective management of patients undergoing various medical procedures.
Etomidate (Intravenous anesthetics), classified under Anesthetics
Anesthetics are a crucial category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) widely used in the field of medicine. These substances play a vital role in inducing a temporary loss of sensation or consciousness, enabling medical procedures to be performed without pain or discomfort. Anesthetics can be classified into two primary types: general anesthetics and local anesthetics.
General anesthetics act on the central nervous system, producing a reversible loss of consciousness. They are administered through inhalation or injection routes and are commonly employed for major surgeries or procedures that require deep sedation. Examples of general anesthetics include sevoflurane, propofol, and isoflurane.
On the other hand, local anesthetics primarily target a specific region or part of the body, temporarily numbing the area and blocking pain signals. These APIs are frequently used in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and childbirth. Common local anesthetics include lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine.
Anesthetics work by interfering with the transmission of nerve signals or by altering the activity of certain receptors in the nervous system. They offer precise control over pain management, allowing medical professionals to perform complex procedures with reduced patient discomfort and anxiety.
The development and manufacturing of anesthetics APIs require stringent quality control measures to ensure safety and efficacy. Pharmaceutical companies adhere to strict regulatory guidelines to produce high-quality APIs. The demand for anesthetics remains consistently high, making this category of APIs a critical component of the pharmaceutical industry.
In conclusion, anesthetics are indispensable pharmaceutical APIs used to induce temporary loss of sensation or consciousness. They can be classified into general and local anesthetics, each serving distinct purposes in medical procedures. The proper development and manufacturing of anesthetics APIs are essential to ensure safe and effective pain management in various healthcare settings.
Etomidate API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Etomidate API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 6 companies offering Etomidate API, with manufacturing taking place in 4 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atom Pharma | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, MSDS | 14 products |
| Janssen Pharma | Producer | Belgium | Unknown | CEP, CoA, GMP | 63 products |
| Kromozome | Distributor | India | India | CoA, GMP, MSDS | 17 products |
| Reliable Biopharm | Producer | United States | United States | CoA, USDMF | 11 products |
| SETV Global | Producer | India | India | CoA, FDA, GMP | 515 products |
| Tianjin Pharmacn Medical ... | Producer | China | China | CoA, GMP | 66 products |
When sending a request, specify which Etomidate API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Etomidate API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
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Regulatory
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