Papain API Manufacturers

General Description:

Papain, identified by CAS number 9001-73-4, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme that is found in species of papaya, _Carica papaya_ and _Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis_. The enzyme is found to be localized in the skin of papaya, and is collected from slashed unripe papayas as a crude latex. Papain is used in food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries. While it has been used for the treatment of inflammation and pain via topical administration, papain has also shown to have anthelmintic and tooth-whitening properties. Present in over-the-counter mixture products consisting of different digestive enzymes, its active site contains a catalytic diad that plays a role in breaking peptide bonds. Papain is also used as an ingredient in various enzymatic debriding preparations.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: No FDA-approved therapeutic indications. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Papain undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: No pharmacokinetic data available. This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Papain are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: No pharmacokinetic data available. The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Papain is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: No pharmacokinetic data available. This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Papain exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: No pharmacokinetic data available. This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Papain from the body primarily occurs through: No pharmacokinetic data available. Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Papain is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: No pharmacokinetic data available. This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Papain is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: No pharmacokinetic data available. It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Papain exerts its therapeutic effects through: Papain is a digestive enzyme and often acts as a skin allergen. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Papain functions by: When topically applied, papain induces an allergen-like inflammatory response via recruiting neutrophils, mast cells, and CD3-positive cells and by induction of a TH2-biased antibody response . _In vitro_, treatment of papain resulted in the breakdown of tight junctions of primary human keratinocytes that maintain the epithelial barrier integrity. These tight junction proteins include zonula occludens-1, claudin-4, and occludin . It is proposed that papain induces allergic responses via activation of TLR4, leading to an increase in neutrophils, CD3+ cells, mast cells, and CCL8-positive cells . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Papain belongs to the None, classified under the direct parent group Peptides. This compound is a part of the Organic Compounds, falling under the Organic Acids superclass, and categorized within the Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives class, specifically within the Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues subclass.

Categories:

Papain is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Cysteine Endopeptidases, Cysteine Proteases, Endopeptidases, Enzymes, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Gastrointestinal Agents, Hydrolases, Papain, antagonists & inhibitors, Peptide Hydrolases. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.

Experimental Properties:

Further physical and chemical characteristics of Papain include:

• Water Solubility: Soluble in cold water