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Sulfapyridine | CAS No: 144-83-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats dermatitis herpetiformis, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pyoderma gangrenosum through antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects for dermatological applications.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- For the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid and pyoderma gangrenosum
Product Snapshot
- Sulfapyridine is available as an oral tablet formulation
- It is primarily indicated for the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pyoderma gangrenosum
- Sulfapyridine is approved for use in the Canadian market
Clinical Overview
Pharmacologically, sulfapyridine functions as a bacteriostatic antimicrobial. It exerts its effect through competitive inhibition of bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase, an enzyme essential for the incorporation of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) into folic acid synthesis. Since folate derivatives are necessary for nucleic acid biosynthesis, this inhibition prevents bacterial replication. Its spectrum covers many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms; however, resistance is widespread and cross-resistance among sulfonamides is common.
Regarding absorption and distribution, sulfapyridine is well absorbed after oral administration and widely distributes to body tissues and fluids, including pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. It can attain appreciable concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid during meningeal infection. Parenteral use is limited by the alkaline and tissue-irritant properties of soluble sulfonamide salts. The antibacterial activity may be diminished in purulent environments due to inhibition by pus components.
Safety considerations include the potential for significant toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, and adverse hematologic effects such as methemoglobinemia. Its risk profile contributed to withdrawal from common use. Sulfapyridine also acts as an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 enzymes, which may influence the metabolism of concomitantly administered drugs.
From a regulatory and procurement perspective, sulfapyridine belongs to the chemical class of aminobenzenesulfonamides, characterized by a benzenesulfonamide moiety bearing an amine substituent. Quality control should emphasize the compound’s purity, absence of toxic impurities, and consistent physicochemical properties to ensure safe handling and formulation. Given its historical usage and toxicity, sourcing sulfapyridine APIs requires adherence to comprehensive pharmacopeial standards and regulatory guidelines specific to sulfonamide antibacterials.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Sulfapyridine |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 144-83-2 |
| UNII | Y5V2N1KE8U |
| DrugBank ID | DB00891 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Sulfapyridine is a sulfonamide antibiotic that competitively inhibits bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase, disrupting folic acid synthesis essential for nucleic acid production and bacterial cell division. It exhibits bacteriostatic activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms by interfering with para-aminobenzoic acid metabolism. The compound is indicated for dermatological conditions including dermatitis herpetiformis, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, and pyoderma gangrenosum. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Sulfapyridine is a competitive inhibitor of the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid by means of processing the substrate para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). Dihydropteroate synthetase activity is vital in the synthesis of folate, and folate is required for cells to make nucleic acids, such as DNA or RNA. So if DNA molecules cannot be built, the cell cannot divide. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Sulfapyridine is a sulfonamide antibiotic. The sulfonamides are synthetic bacteriostatic antibiotics with a wide spectrum against most gram-positive and many gram-negative organisms. However, many strains of an individual species may be resistant. Sulfonamides inhibit multiplication of bacteria by acting as competitive inhibitors of <i>p</i>-aminobenzoic acid in the folic acid metabolism cycle. Bacterial sensitivity is the same for the various sulfonamides, and resistance to one sulfonamide indicates resistance to all. Most sulfonamides are readily absorbed orally. However, parenteral administration is difficult, since the soluble sulfonamide salts are highly alkaline and irritating to the tissues. The sulfonamides are widely distributed throughout all tissues. High levels are achieved in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, and ocular fluids. Although these drugs are no longer used to treat meningitis, CSF levels are high in meningeal infections. Their antibacterial action is inhibited by pus. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Dihydropteroate synthase type-1 | Mycobacterium fortuitum | inhibitor |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Approximately 60-80% |
|---|---|
| Half-life | 6-14 hours. |
| Protein binding | Approximately 50% bound to plasma proteins. |
| Metabolism | Hepatic. |
Formulation & handling
- Sulfapyridine is a small molecule drug formulated for oral administration as a tablet.
- Exhibits moderate water solubility, which may impact dissolution rate and bioavailability.
- Handling precautions should consider its aminobenzenesulfonamide structure, with standard storage conditions for solid oral APIs.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The API’s primary patents have expired or are near expiration in Canada, leading to increased availability of generic products and a mature market landscape. Market activity is characterized by established competition and stabilized pricing. |
|---|
| Markets | Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Sulfapyridine is manufactured by a limited number of originator companies, with Eli Lilly and Co identified as a key manufacturer. The branded product Dagenan Tab 500mg is primarily available in the Canadian market, with packaging handled by Amend and Prime European Therapeuticals SPA. Patent status is not specified, but the presence of branded products suggests potential for existing or upcoming generic competition depending on regional patent expirations. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | LD<sub>50</sub> is 15800 mg/kg (orally in rats). |
|---|
- Oral LD₅₀ in rats is 15,800 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity
- Handle with appropriate protective equipment to avoid inhalation or dermal exposure
- Avoid release into the environment
Sulfapyridine is a type of Sulfonamides and trimethoprim
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are essential pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs) widely used in the production of antibiotics. Sulfonamides belong to a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with their folic acid synthesis. These drugs are highly effective against various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and certain skin infections.
Trimethoprim, on the other hand, is a synthetic antibacterial agent that belongs to the diaminopyrimidine class. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is crucial for the synthesis of DNA and RNA in bacteria. By targeting this enzyme, trimethoprim effectively prevents bacterial replication, making it a valuable component in combination therapies for bacterial infections.
The combination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim is particularly potent, as it provides a synergistic effect against a broad spectrum of bacteria. This combination therapy is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections caused by susceptible strains of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. The two APIs work together to disrupt multiple steps in the bacterial metabolic pathway, enhancing their overall antibacterial activity.
Pharmaceutical companies produce sulfonamides and trimethoprim APIs through rigorous manufacturing processes, ensuring high quality and purity. These APIs are then used in the formulation of various antibiotic products, such as tablets, capsules, and suspensions, which are prescribed by healthcare professionals for the treatment of bacterial infections.
Overall, sulfonamides and trimethoprim are vital pharmaceutical subcategories that play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections, providing patients with effective and targeted antibiotic therapies.
Sulfapyridine (Sulfonamides and trimethoprim), classified under Antibacterials
Antibacterials, a category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. These APIs are chemical compounds that target and inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, helping to eliminate harmful bacterial pathogens from the body.
Antibacterials are essential for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and more. They are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to combat both mild and severe bacterial infections.
Within the category of antibacterials, there are different classes and subclasses of APIs, each with distinct mechanisms of action and target bacteria. Some commonly used antibacterials include penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. These APIs work by interfering with various aspects of bacterial cellular processes, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or enzyme activity.
The development and production of antibacterial APIs require stringent quality control measures to ensure their safety, efficacy, and purity. Pharmaceutical manufacturers must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and follow rigorous testing protocols to guarantee the quality and consistency of these APIs.
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to be a significant concern, ongoing research and development efforts aim to discover and develop new antibacterial APIs. The evolution of antibacterials plays a crucial role in combating emerging bacterial strains and ensuring effective treatment options for infectious diseases.
In summary, antibacterials are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used to treat bacterial infections. They are designed to inhibit or kill bacteria, and their development requires strict adherence to quality control standards. By continually advancing research in this field, scientists and pharmaceutical companies can contribute to the ongoing battle against bacterial infections.
Sulfapyridine API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Sulfapyridine API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 3 companies offering Sulfapyridine API, with manufacturing taking place in 2 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chr. Olesen Group | Distributor | Denmark | India | USDMF | 252 products |
| Euticals | Producer | Italy | Unknown | CoA, USDMF | 48 products |
| PharmaZell | Producer | Germany | India | CoA, FDA, GDP, GMP, MSDS, WC, WHO-GMP | 31 products |
When sending a request, specify which Sulfapyridine API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Sulfapyridine API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
