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Glutamic acid | CAS No: 56-86-0 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that supports cognitive health, aids ulcer healing, reduces fatigue, and assists in managing alcoholism, schizophrenia, and sugar cravings through nutritional and neurological benefits.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Considered to be nature's "Brain food" by improving mental capacities
- Helps speed the healing of ulcers
- Gives a "lift" from fatigue
- Helps control alcoholism, schizophrenia and the craving for sugar
Product Snapshot
- Glutamic acid is available in multiple formulation types including injectable, oral tablets, capsules, solutions, emulsions, granules, and topical gels
- It is utilized primarily for neurological support, ulcer healing, fatigue reduction, and adjunctive use in conditions such as alcoholism and schizophrenia
- The product is approved as a nutraceutical and marketed in key regulatory markets including the US and Canada
Clinical Overview
Clinically, glutamic acid is recognized for its involvement in neurological functions and is used as a nutraceutical to support cognitive health, mental acuity, and recovery processes such as ulcer healing. It has been investigated for its modulatory effects in conditions including alcoholism, schizophrenia, and sugar craving control, though its primary role is in maintaining normal brain function.
Pharmacodynamically, glutamic acid acts predominantly as the brain’s main excitatory neurotransmitter. It participates in synaptic transmission by activating ionotropic receptors—namely AMPA, kainate, and NMDA receptors—as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors. It also serves as a precursor to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons, indirectly influencing inhibitory pathways.
Its mechanism of action involves receptor-mediated excitation of neurons. Free glutamic acid itself does not cross the blood-brain barrier significantly and is converted into L-glutamine for transport into the brain, where it contributes to neurotransmitter pools and protein synthesis. Dysregulation of glutamate levels has been implicated in neurodegenerative processes, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease, reflecting the narrow therapeutic window between physiological neurotransmission and excitotoxicity.
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters reflect glutamic acid’s role as a dietary amino acid: it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized via transamination and other pathways in peripheral tissues, and its central nervous system availability depends on metabolic conversion and transport mechanisms.
Safety considerations highlight the potential neurotoxicity associated with elevated glutamate concentrations, necessitating careful dose control in supplemental use. No specific systemic toxicity is noted at typical exposure levels from dietary sources and approved nutraceutical applications.
Glutamic acid is utilized under various regulatory approvals as a dietary supplement and alimentary additive, often incorporated in formulations aimed at metabolic support and cognitive function enhancement.
For API sourcing, attention to purity, optical isomerism, and absence of microbial contamination is critical. Suppliers should provide comprehensive quality documentation consistent with pharmacopeial standards and regulatory compliance to ensure API suitability for pharmaceutical-grade applications.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Glutamic acid |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 56-86-0 |
| UNII | 3KX376GY7L |
| DrugBank ID | DB00142 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Glutamate functions as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, acting on both ionotropic (NMDA, AMPA, kainate) and metabotropic glutamate receptors to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. It serves as a precursor for GABA synthesis and is involved in key cerebral processes including learning and memory. Dysregulation of glutamate signaling has been implicated in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, with multiple transporters and enzymes contributing to its synthesis, metabolism, and receptor activity. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Glutamate activates both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The ionotropic ones being non-NMDA (AMPA and kainate) and NMDA receptors. Free glutamic acid cannot cross the blood-brain barrier in appreciable quantities; instead it is converted into L-glutamine, which the brain uses for fuel and protein synthesis. It is conjectured that glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain, though excessive amounts may cause neuronal damage associated in diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease. Also, the drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamate at the NMDA receptor, causing behavior reminiscent of schizophrenia. Glutamate in action is extremely difficult to study due to its transient nature. |
| Pharmacodynamics | In addition to being one of the building blocks in protein synthesis, it is the most widespread neurotransmitter in brain function, as an excitatory neurotransmitter and as a precursor for the synthesis of GABA in GABAergic neurons. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 | Humans | |
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 | Humans | |
| Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4 | Humans |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | Absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine into the enterocytes.Absorption is efficient and occurs by an active transport mechanism. |
|---|---|
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
Formulation & handling
- Glutamic acid is a small molecule with formulations available for both parenteral (intravenous, extracorporeal) and oral administration.
- Due to its high water solubility and low logP, formulations typically involve aqueous solutions or emulsions for injection.
- Handling should consider its stability as a solid and in solution, ensuring appropriate storage to maintain potency for injectable preparations.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is currently marketed in both Canada and the US, with key patents having expired or nearing expiration, indicating a mature market phase with the potential for generic competition. |
|---|
| Markets | Canada, US |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | The manufacturing landscape for glutamic acid includes multiple originator companies, with branded products present primarily in the US and Canadian markets. Approximately 20% of the sampled brands, such as Prosol and Aminosyn II, indicate a moderate presence of established formulations. Patent expiry status suggests the potential for existing generic competition within these markets. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Glutamate causes neuronal damage and eventual cell death, particularly when NMDA receptors are activated, High dosages of glutamic acid may include symptoms such as headaches and neurological problems. |
|---|
- Exposure to glutamate may induce neurotoxicity through NMDA receptor overactivation, potentially leading to neuronal damage
- High dosage handling requires caution due to risks of neurological symptoms including headaches
- Ensure appropriate containment and minimize inhalation or dermal contact to reduce adverse neurotoxic effects
L-Glutamic Acid is a type of Central Nervous System Agents
Central Nervous System (CNS) Agents are a crucial category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that specifically target the central nervous system. The CNS encompasses the brain and spinal cord, playing a vital role in regulating and controlling various bodily functions, including cognition, movement, emotions, and sensory perception. These agents are designed to interact with specific receptors, enzymes, or ion channels within the CNS to modulate neural activity and restore normal functioning.
CNS agents comprise a diverse range of pharmaceutical APIs, including analgesics, anesthetics, antipsychotics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-epileptics, and antidepressants. Each subcategory addresses distinct neurological disorders and conditions. For instance, analgesics alleviate pain by targeting receptors in the brain and spinal cord, while antipsychotics are employed to manage psychosis symptoms in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
The development of CNS agents involves rigorous research, molecular modeling, and extensive clinical trials to ensure safety, efficacy, and specific target engagement. Pharmaceutical companies invest significant resources in identifying novel drug targets, synthesizing new compounds, and optimizing their pharmacological properties. These agents undergo rigorous regulatory evaluations and must adhere to stringent quality standards and guidelines.
Given the prevalence of CNS disorders globally, the market demand for effective CNS agents is substantial. The development of innovative CNS APIs not only improves patient outcomes but also provides valuable commercial opportunities for pharmaceutical companies. Continued advancements in CNS agent research and development hold the promise of groundbreaking therapies that can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by neurological conditions.
L-Glutamic Acid API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified L-Glutamic Acid API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 12 companies offering L-Glutamic Acid API, with manufacturing taking place in 5 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ajinomoto | Producer | Japan | Unknown | CoA, JDMF, USDMF | 24 products |
| Amino GmbH | Producer | Germany | Germany | CoA, GMP | 17 products |
| Emeishan Hongsen Biopharm... | Producer | China | China | CoA, MSDS | 107 products |
| Evonik Rexim | Producer | China | Unknown | CoA, JDMF | 18 products |
| Innovative Healthcare | Producer | India | India | CoA, GMP, HALAL, ISO9001, MSDS, WHO-GMP | 10 products |
| Medinex Labs. | Producer | India | India | CoA, GMP, WC | 8 products |
| Sekisui Medical | Producer | Japan | Japan | CoA, JDMF | 11 products |
| Senova Technology Co., Lt... | Producer | China | China | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, USDMF | 157 products |
| Taenaka Kogyo | Producer | Japan | Japan | CoA, JDMF | 6 products |
| Wuhan Amino Acid Bio-Chem... | Producer | China | China | CoA | 32 products |
| Wuxi Jinghai Amino Acid C... | Producer | China | China | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS, USDMF, WC | 15 products |
| Zhejiang Tianrui Chemical... | Producer | China | China | CoA | 7 products |
When sending a request, specify which L-Glutamic Acid API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality L-Glutamic Acid API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
