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Propentofylline | CAS No: 55242-55-2 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that is investigated for Alzheimer's disease treatment, offering potential neuroprotective benefits by modulating neuronal survival and reducing neurodegeneration.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer's disease
Product Snapshot
- Propentofylline is an oral small molecule formulation
- It is primarily investigated for therapeutic use in Alzheimer’s disease
- The compound is currently in an investigational status without formal regulatory approval
Clinical Overview
Pharmacologically, propentofylline functions as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and an inhibitor of adenosine uptake. These mechanisms contribute to its purported neuroprotective effects, which have been linked to modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Specifically, propentofylline activates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–protein kinase A (cAMP–PKA) system. This activation is associated with the suppression of the caspase cascade and modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, thereby enhancing anti-apoptotic pathways. This mechanism is significant in the context of Alzheimer's disease, where β-amyloid protein 1–42 (β42) induces apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, contributing to neurodegeneration. Propentofylline has demonstrated the ability to block apoptotic events triggered by β42 and to increase the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, highlighting its potential to protect neuronal cells from β42-induced toxicity.
Regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), detailed clinical pharmacokinetic data for propentofylline are limited. It is known to act as a substrate for cytochrome P-450 enzymes, including CYP1A2, suggesting that metabolic clearance may involve hepatic biotransformation mediated by these enzymes.
Safety and toxicity profiles for propentofylline remain to be fully elucidated due to its investigational status. No comprehensive data on adverse effects or drug interactions are currently established, and its use is confined to research or clinical trial settings.
Notable brands or marketed products containing propentofylline are not widely recognized. The compound is primarily of interest in neuropharmacological research, including exploration as a neuroprotective agent.
From an API sourcing perspective, propentofylline requires strict quality control to ensure chemical purity consistent with pharmaceutical standards. Control of impurities and adherence to relevant pharmacopeial or regulatory guidelines during synthesis and supply chain management is critical. Due to its investigational status, sourcing should prioritize suppliers capable of providing detailed documentation and compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Propentofylline |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 55242-55-2 |
| UNII | 5RTA398U4H |
| DrugBank ID | DB06479 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Propentofylline is a xanthine derivative that inhibits phosphodiesterase 4A and adenosine uptake, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels. It modulates the cAMP–PKA signaling pathway, resulting in anti-apoptotic effects through regulation of caspase activity and Bcl-2 family proteins. These pharmacodynamic actions contribute to its neuroprotective potential, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease-related neurodegeneration. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Propentofylline is a xanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor with purported neuroprotective effects. It inhibits both phosphodiesterase and adenosine uptake. Phosphodiesterase has shown to associated with age-related memory impairment and Alzheimer's disease. β-Amyloid protein 1–42 (β42) can induce apoptosis in the cultured hippocampal neurons, suggesting that it plays an important role in causing neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Propentofylline is also capable of activating a cAMP–PKA system, depressing the caspase cascade and modifying Bcl-2 family proteins. Propentofylline blocked both the apoptotic features induced by β42 and further induced an anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2. It suggests that the protection of propentofylline on the β42-induced neurotoxicity is caused by enhancing anti-apoptotic action through cAMP–PKA system. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A | Humans |
Formulation & handling
- Propentofylline is a small molecule xanthine derivative suitable for oral formulation due to moderate water solubility and LogP.
- The compound's stability profile supports standard solid handling with no specific temperature or light sensitivity indicated.
- No peptide or biologic attributes are present; therefore, it lacks typical biologic formulation constraints such as cold chain requirements.
Regulatory status
Propentofylline is a type of Central Nervous System Agents
Central Nervous System (CNS) Agents are a crucial category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that specifically target the central nervous system. The CNS encompasses the brain and spinal cord, playing a vital role in regulating and controlling various bodily functions, including cognition, movement, emotions, and sensory perception. These agents are designed to interact with specific receptors, enzymes, or ion channels within the CNS to modulate neural activity and restore normal functioning.
CNS agents comprise a diverse range of pharmaceutical APIs, including analgesics, anesthetics, antipsychotics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-epileptics, and antidepressants. Each subcategory addresses distinct neurological disorders and conditions. For instance, analgesics alleviate pain by targeting receptors in the brain and spinal cord, while antipsychotics are employed to manage psychosis symptoms in mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
The development of CNS agents involves rigorous research, molecular modeling, and extensive clinical trials to ensure safety, efficacy, and specific target engagement. Pharmaceutical companies invest significant resources in identifying novel drug targets, synthesizing new compounds, and optimizing their pharmacological properties. These agents undergo rigorous regulatory evaluations and must adhere to stringent quality standards and guidelines.
Given the prevalence of CNS disorders globally, the market demand for effective CNS agents is substantial. The development of innovative CNS APIs not only improves patient outcomes but also provides valuable commercial opportunities for pharmaceutical companies. Continued advancements in CNS agent research and development hold the promise of groundbreaking therapies that can improve the quality of life for individuals affected by neurological conditions.
Propentofylline API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Propentofylline API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 1 companies offering Propentofylline API, with manufacturing taking place in 1 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bakul Pharma Private Limi... | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, FDA, GMP, MSDS | 52 products |
When sending a request, specify which Propentofylline API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Propentofylline API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
