Clove oil API Manufacturers
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Looking for Clove oil API 8000-34-8?
- Description:
- Here you will find a list of producers, manufacturers and distributors of Clove oil. You can filter on certificates such as GMP, FDA, CEP, Written Confirmation and more. Send inquiries for free and get in direct contact with the supplier of your choice.
- API | Excipient name:
- Clove oil
- Synonyms:
- Caryophylii floris aetheroleum , Caryophyllus aromaticus bud oil , Clove bud oil , Clove volatile oil , Ding xiang bud oil , Eugenia aromatica bud oil , Eugenia caryophyllata bud oil , Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) bud oil , Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) flower oil , Nelken oel , Syzygium aromaticum bud oil , Syzygium aromaticum oil
- Cas Number:
- 8000-34-8
- DrugBank number:
- DB11338
- Unique Ingredient Identifier:
- 578389D6D0
General Description:
Clove oil, identified by CAS number 8000-34-8, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Clove oil is obtained by extraction from the dried flower buds of the clove plant. Traditionally, it has been used as a flavouring spice in foods, or as a fragrance. It is also found in topical analgesics. Clove oil has shown to exert some antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of clove is higher than that of many fruits, vegetables, and other spices . Clove is native of Indonesia but is now cultured in several parts of the world, including Brazil in the state of _Bahia_. This plant represents one of the richest source of phenolic compounds such as _eugenol_, _eugenol acetate_ and _gallic acid_ and has great potential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural applications . Interestingly, clove oil has been studied for its potential benefit in treating neuropathic pain, as well as vaginal candidiasis with promising results , . The FDA categorizes clove oil as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in dental cement or as a food additive .
Indications:
This drug is primarily indicated for: Clove oil is primarily indicated in conditions like colic, flatulence, and toothache . Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.
Metabolism:
Clove oil undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: In the rat, 20-30% of eugenol is metabolized to _homovanillic acid_ and _4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic_ acid . In a pharmacokinetic study in man, 95% of the ingested eugenol dose was recovered in the urine, most of which (greater than 99%) consisted of phenolic conjugates; 50% of the conjugated metabolites were eugenol-glucuronide and sulfate. Other metabolic routes observed were the _epoxide-diol_ pathway, synthesis of a _thiophenol_ and of a substituted _propionic acid_, allylic oxidation, and migration of the double bond . This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.
Absorption:
The absorption characteristics of Clove oil are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: Clove oil is rapidly absorbed through the skin and is used in patented systems for dermal drug delivery to enhance drug uptake from skin patch delivery systems . The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.
Half-life:
The half-life of Clove oil is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: In a pharmacokinetic study, average half-life values of eugenol in plasma and blood were long (14.0 and 18.3 h, respectively), suggesting a potential accumulation of the drug following repeated administrations . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.
Route of Elimination:
The elimination of Clove oil from the body primarily occurs through: In a pharmacokinetic study, the metabolism of eugenol (the primary constituent of clove oil) was investigated in healthy male and female volunteers. It was quickly absorbed and metabolized after oral administration and was almost completely excreted in the urine within 24 hours of ingestion . Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.
Pharmacodynamics:
Clove oil exerts its therapeutic effects through: Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. ) essential oil (CEO) has been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-histamine, and anticancer properties. However, few studies have focused on its topical use , . Clove essential oil, used as an antiseptic in oral infections, inhibits gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as yeast . The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.
Mechanism of Action:
Clove oil functions by: The chief constituent present in clove oil is the phenol "_eugenol_" which is present in amounts up to 85%. Clove oil acts as a germicide to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Clove oil is thought to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, thereby reducing painful symptoms . Eugenol, the main constituent of clove oil is purported to have anticancer action. In one study, eugenol-treated HL-60 cells showed features of apoptosis including DNA fragmentation and formation of DNA ladders in agarose gel electrophoresis. It was observed that eugenol transduced the apoptotic signal via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inducing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), decreasing anti-apoptotic protein _bcl-2_ level, inducing _cytochrome c_ release to the cytosol, and subsequent apoptotic cell death. When taken together, the study showed that ROS plays a critical role in eugenol-induced apoptosis in _HL-60_, and this is the first report on the mechanism of the anticancer effect of eugenol . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.
Toxicity:
Categories:
Clove oil is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Biological Products, Complex Mixtures, Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted, Oils, Plant Oils, Plant Preparations. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.
Experimental Properties:
Further physical and chemical characteristics of Clove oil include:
- Boiling Point: 250
Clove oil is a type of Analgesics
Analgesics are a category of pharmaceutical Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) that are commonly used to relieve pain. They are designed to alleviate discomfort by targeting the body's pain receptors or by reducing inflammation. Analgesics are widely utilized in the medical field to manage various types of pain, ranging from mild to severe.
One of the primary classes of analgesics is nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, substances that contribute to pain and inflammation. This class includes well-known drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen. Another class of analgesics is opioids, which are derived from opium or synthetic compounds that mimic the effects of opium. Opioids act on the central nervous system to reduce pain perception and provide potent pain relief. Examples of opioids include morphine, codeine, and oxycodone.
Analgesics are available in various forms, such as tablets, capsules, creams, and injections, allowing for different routes of administration based on the patient's needs. They are commonly used to manage pain associated with conditions like arthritis, headaches, dental procedures, and post-operative recovery.
It is important to note that analgesics should be used under medical supervision, as improper use or overuse can lead to adverse effects, including gastrointestinal complications, addiction, and respiratory depression in the case of opioids. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to assess each patient's individual needs and prescribe the appropriate analgesic and dosage.
In summary, analgesics are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used to alleviate pain by targeting pain receptors or reducing inflammation. With various classes and forms available, they provide valuable options for pain management when used responsibly and under medical guidance.
