Tuberculin purified protein derivative API Manufacturers
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Looking for Tuberculin purified protein derivative API 92129-86-7?
- Description:
- Here you will find a list of producers, manufacturers and distributors of Tuberculin purified protein derivative. You can filter on certificates such as GMP, FDA, CEP, Written Confirmation and more. Send inquiries for free and get in direct contact with the supplier of your choice.
- API | Excipient name:
- Tuberculin purified protein derivative
- Synonyms:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative , Purified protein derivative of tuberculin , Tuberculin PPD , Tuberculin, purified protein derivative , Tuberculin,purified protein derivative , Tuberculina PPD , Tuberculinum
- Cas Number:
- 92129-86-7
- DrugBank number:
- DB11601
- Unique Ingredient Identifier:
- I7L8FKN87J
General Description:
Tuberculin purified protein derivative, identified by CAS number 92129-86-7, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is a sterile aqueous solution of a purified protein fraction for intradermal administration as an aid in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. The diagnostic test is commonly referred to as the Mantoux test which serves to minimize the risk of transmission of infection with *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* through early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention. The purified protein fraction is isolated from culture media filtrates of a human strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is included in the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Indications:
This drug is primarily indicated for: Indicated as a diagnostic agent in Mantoux Test used to detect infection with *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.
Pharmacodynamics:
Tuberculin purified protein derivative exerts its therapeutic effects through: It is intradermally administered to facilitate detection of active tuberculosis caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. Tuberculin PPD is an inactivated purified protein fraction obtained from human strain of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*and antigen that induces a delayed hypersensitivity response after few hours following administration. When the person has already acquired the tuberculin antigen, the immune response is stimulated to produce antigen-specific T cells that circulate in the bloodstream for up to several months and years. Clinically, a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin is a manifestation of previous infection with M tuberculosis or a variety of non-tuberculosis bacteria. In most cases sensitization is induced by natural mycobacterial infection or by vaccination with BCG Vaccine. The antigen causes, pain, edema and infiltration of immune cells in the injection area. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.
Mechanism of Action:
Tuberculin purified protein derivative functions by: When exposed to *M. tuberculosis* antigen, the sensitization initiates in the regional lymph nodes where T lymphocytes proliferate in response to the antigenic stimulus to give rise to specifically sensitized lymphocytes which may exist in the circulation up to many years. Antigen is presented to T cells by being ingested by antigen presenting cells (APC), which then present it on their surface to lymphocytes in combination with various MHC molecules once they reach local lymph nodes . Tuberculin PPD most likely interacts with toll-like receptor 2 expressed on APCs that initiates an inflammatory response. Subsequent restimulation of these sensitized lymphocytes with the same or a similar antigen, such as the intradermal injection of tuberculin PPD, evokes a local reaction mediated by these cells. This reaction is referred to as a delayed-type hypersensitivity response that includes vasodilation, edema, and the infiltration of lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes, and neutrophils into the site of antigen injection. The sensitized antigen-specific T lymphocytes proliferate and release lymphokines, which mediate the accumulation of other cells at the site . In vitro studies show that Tuberculin PPD promotes the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in T lymphocytes through major histocompatibility (MHC) class II interaction with CD4+ T lymphocyte interaction . The reactions are evident after 5-6 hours following administration. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.
Toxicity:
Classification:
Tuberculin purified protein derivative belongs to the None, classified under the direct parent group Peptides. This compound is a part of the Organic Compounds, falling under the Organic Acids superclass, and categorized within the Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives class, specifically within the Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues subclass.
Categories:
Tuberculin purified protein derivative is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Antigens, Antigens, Bacterial, Antihistamine Drugs, Biological Factors, Cell-mediated Immunity, Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting, Indicators and Reagents, Laboratory Chemicals, Skin Test Antigen, Tuberculin, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Skin Test. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.
Tuberculin purified protein derivative is a type of Anti-allergy agents
Anti-allergy agents, also known as antihistamines, are a crucial category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in the treatment of allergies. These substances work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical released by the body's immune system during an allergic reaction.
Antihistamines act on histamine receptors, preventing them from binding to target cells and thus inhibiting the release of allergic symptoms such as itching, sneezing, and watery eyes. These APIs can be classified into two generations based on their characteristics.
First-generation antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine, are known for their sedative properties due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Although effective in relieving allergy symptoms, they often cause drowsiness, impairing daily activities.
Second-generation antihistamines, including cetirizine and loratadine, were developed to address the sedative side effects of their predecessors. These newer APIs have a higher selectivity for peripheral histamine receptors and a reduced ability to penetrate the central nervous system, resulting in reduced sedation.
Anti-allergy APIs are available in various formulations, including oral tablets, liquids, nasal sprays, and eye drops. They are widely used to alleviate allergic reactions caused by pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and other environmental allergens. These agents provide relief from symptoms such as itching, runny nose, congestion, and hives.
In summary, anti-allergy agents are a vital category of APIs used to manage allergic reactions. They block the effects of histamine, providing relief from allergy symptoms. The development of second-generation antihistamines has significantly reduced sedative side effects, improving patient comfort. These APIs are available in different formulations, catering to the diverse needs of allergy sufferers.
