Racepinephrine API Manufacturers

General Description:

Racepinephrine, identified by CAS number 329-65-7, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Racepinephrine is a racemic mixture consisting of d- and l- enantiomers. Epinephrine is a non-selective α- and β-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is a bronchodilator used in the temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma including wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath. It is an active ingredient in oral inhalation over-the-counter products as racepinephrine hydrochloride.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Indicated for temporary relief of mild symptoms of intermittent asthma. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Racepinephrine undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Racepinephrine are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Racepinephrine is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Racepinephrine exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Racepinephrine from the body primarily occurs through: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Racepinephrine is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Racepinephrine is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: To refer to the pharmacokinetic data of L-epinephrine, refer to the drug entry for . It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Racepinephrine exerts its therapeutic effects through: Epinephrine acts on α- and β-adrenergic receptors. When given subcutaneously or intramuscularly, epinephrine has a rapid onset and short duration of action . Epinephrine induces bronchial smooth muscle relaxation to relieve respiratory distress in asthma. In a clinical trial of paediatric patients with bronchiolitis, administration of aerosolized racemic epinephrine via inhalation resulted in improved clinical symptoms such as wheezing and retractions . The clinical efficacy of racemic epinephrine was comparable to that of salbutamol or albuterol, which are commonly used bronchodilators . The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Racepinephrine functions by: Epinephrine is a non-selective agonist at α- and β-adrenergic receptors, which are all G-protein-coupled receptors. The main therapeutic effect of epinephrine arises from its agonist action on β2-adrenergic receptors, which activate adenylyl cyclase and increase intracellular cyclic AMP production. Epinephrine causes smooth muscle relaxation on various tissues, including bronchial smooth muscles . As a result, epinephrine serves to alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and tightness of chest that may occur during asthmatic attacks . Via its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder, epinephrine may also alleviate pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also acts on the α-adrenergic receptors on vascular smooth muscles, particularly in the skin and splanchnic vascular beds, to cause constriction. Epinephrine is thought to reduce capillary leakage by constricting precapillary arterioles, reducing hydrostatic pressure and consequently bronchial mucosal edema . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Categories:

Racepinephrine is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Adrenergic Agents, Adrenergic Agonists, Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic alpha-Agonists, Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists, Adrenergic beta-Agonists, Agents producing tachycardia, Agents that produce hypertension, Alcohols, Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists, Amines, Amino Alcohols, Anti-Asthmatic Agents, Autonomic Agents, Benzene Derivatives, Biogenic Amines, Biogenic Monoamines, Bronchodilator Agents, Cardiovascular Agents, Catecholamines, Catechols, Epinephrine and similars, Ethanolamines, Mydriatics, Neurotransmitter Agents, Peripheral Nervous System Agents, Phenols, Respiratory System Agents, Sympathomimetics, Vasoconstrictor Agents. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.

Experimental Properties:

Further physical and chemical characteristics of Racepinephrine include:

• Water Solubility: Soluble
• Melting Point: 157