Benzethonium API Manufacturers

General Description:

Benzethonium, identified by CAS number 10172-60-8, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Benzethonium is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt with surfactant, antiseptic, and broad spectrum antimicrobial properties. Its salt form, benzethonium chloride, is primarily used as a skin disinfectant at concentrations of 0.1-0.2 %, which are safe and effective concentrations for the compound specified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It is additionally found in cosmetics and toiletries such as mouthwashes and anti-itch ointments. It is shown to be effective in mediating its antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, mold and viruses. There is evidence that benzethonium acts as a spermatocide but may cause vaginal irritation . Benzethonium was identified as a novel cancer-specific compound by cell-based small-molecule screen .

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Indicated as an antiseptic agent. No therapeutic indications for clinical use. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Benzethonium undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Benzethonium are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: It is reported that percutaneous absorption of benzethonium is clinically insignificant . Benzethonium chloride belongs to the family of. The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Benzethonium is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Benzethonium exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Benzethonium from the body primarily occurs through: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Benzethonium is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Benzethonium is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: Pharmacokinetic studies on benzethonium have not been conducted. It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Benzethonium exerts its therapeutic effects through: Benzethonium belongs to the family of compounds known as cationic detergents that act by disrupting lipid bilayers. It demonstrated antitumor activity against cancer cell lines in vitro. The effective dose required to decrease cell viability by 50% after 48 hours (ED50) of benzethonium for FaDu (hypopharyngeal squamous cancer) and C666-1 (nasopharyngeal cancer) cell lines were approximately 3.8 and 5.3 μmol/L, respectively . The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Benzethonium functions by: While exact mechanism of benzethonium is not fully understood, it is proposed that benzethonium acts similarly to other structurally-related quaternary ammonium compounds in disrupting cytoplasmic and outer membrane lipid bilayers of microorganisms . The positively charged quaternary nitrogen associates with the polar head groups of acidic membrane phospholipids, followed by the hydrophobic tail interacting with the hydrophobic membrane core. Benzethonium is thought to form mixed-micelle aggregates with hydrophobic membrane components that solubilize membrane and lyse the cells, leading to leakage of cytoplasmic contents . Based on findings in vitro cell assays, its mode of action on cancer cells may involve cancer cell apoptosis via dysregulating mitochondria or rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) . It is proposed that intracellular cationic molecules such as benzethonium will create swelling of the rER and damage the organelle. Ultimately, there is a loss in cell membrane integrity and cytosolic Ca2+ levels increase. Dysregulation of mitochondria and rER leads to the activation of caspase-2, caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Benzethonium belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety, classified under the direct parent group Phenylpropanes. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Benzenoids superclass, and categorized within the Benzene and substituted derivatives class, specifically within the Phenylpropanes subclass.

Categories:

Benzethonium is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Amines, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Benzylammonium Compounds, Dermatologicals, Miscellaneous Local Anti-infectives, Onium Compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Throat Preparations. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.

Experimental Properties:

Further physical and chemical characteristics of Benzethonium include:

• Water Solubility: Soluble
• Melting Point: 158-163