Cetylpyridinium API Manufacturers

General Description:

Cetylpyridinium, identified by CAS number 7773-52-6, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Cetylpyridinium is a quaternary ammonium with broad-spectrum antiseptic properties. Its salt form, cetylpyridinium chloride, is typically found as an active ingredient in mouthwashes, toothpastes, lozenges, throat sprays, breath sprays, and nasal sprays. In these products, it generally mediates an antiseptic activity and protective action against dental plaque and reducing gingivitis.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Typically employed as the cetylpyridinium chloride salt, this compound is commonly used as an active ingredient in various over-the-counter mouthwashes, toothpastes, lozenges, and mouth sprays where it is generally indicated for antiseptic actions, gingivitis and plaque prevention, as well as action or prevention against some other oropharyngeal bacterial infections . Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Cetylpyridinium undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: No readily available data regarding the metabolism of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent . This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Cetylpyridinium are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: Most available formulations consisting of cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient are either mouthwashes, tootpastes, lozenges, or mouth sprays. The oral retention of cetylpyridinium chloride given as 1 min mouth rinse of 10 mL of 2.2 MMOL solution was recorded as 65% of the administered dose . Additionally, it has been recorded that quaternary ammonium compounds like Cetylpyridinium chloride are generally poorly absorbed by the oral route . Furthermore, although systemic absorption from the parenteral route of administration is possible, systemic effects from percutaneous absorption through intact skin is considered rare . The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Cetylpyridinium is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: No readily available data regarding the half-life of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Cetylpyridinium exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: No readily available data regarding the protein binding of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent . This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Cetylpyridinium from the body primarily occurs through: As the quaternary ammonium compound cetylpyridinium chloride is poorly absorbed by oral route, relatively large amounts of the compound are therefore eliminated in faeces . Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Cetylpyridinium is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: No readily available data regarding the volume of distribution of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent . This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Cetylpyridinium is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: No readily available data regarding the clearance of cetylpyridinium chloride is available and various products that actually contain cetylpyridinium chloride as an active ingredient suggest that no pharmacokinetic data are available for the agent . It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Cetylpyridinium exerts its therapeutic effects through: Cetylpyridinium chloride is considered a cationic disinfectant with properties and uses similar to other such cationic surfactants . In particular, cetylpyridinium chloride has demonstrated a rapid bactericidal and fungicide effect on gram-positive pathogens and yeasts, respectively . Cetylpyridinium chloride is subsequently utilized in a variety of preparations for the local treatment of minor infections . Despite the variety of formulations in which cetylpyridinium chloride may appear as an active ingredient, it is generally accepted that it only elicits a local effect owing to the compound's relatively poor absorption by route of exposure . The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Cetylpyridinium functions by: When incorporated into mouthwashes, toothpastes, lozenges, or mouth sprays, cetylpyridinium chloride is expected to elicit a mechanism of action that decreases new dental plaque growth, decreases or removes existing dental plaque, diminishes the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and inhibits the production of virulence factors . Cetylpyridinium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound that demonstrates a broad spectrum anti-bacterial activity . It possesses a cationic surface active agent surfactant which can absorb readily to oral surfaces . The molecules of this agent have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups . In action, the positively charged hydrophilic region of cetylpyridinium chloride molecules enables the compound to interact with microbial cell surfaces and even integrate into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane . Consequently, there is a resultant disruption of bacterial membrane integrity causing a leakage of bacterial cytoplasmic components, interference with cellular metabolism, inhibition of cell growth, and ultimately - cell death . Moreover, cetylpyridinium chloride can also inhibit the synthesis of insoluble glucan by streptococcal glucosyltransferase, adsorb to pellicle-covered enamel, and inhibit co-adhesion of bacteria, and bind streptococcus mutans biofilms . This ability of cetylpyridinium chloride to be able to adsorb to pellicle covered enamel imparts substantivity to the compound molecules - that is retention in the mouth and continued antimicrobial activity for a period of time after rinsing . Taking these mechanisms into consideration, cetylpyridinium chloride may be considered an active ingredient that is effective in the treatment and prevention of bacterial or fungal disorders of the oropharyngeal cavity . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Cetylpyridinium belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyridinium derivatives. These are compounds containing a pyridinium ring, which is the cationic form of pyridine, classified under the direct parent group Pyridinium derivatives. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Organoheterocyclic compounds superclass, and categorized within the Pyridines and derivatives class, specifically within the Pyridinium derivatives subclass.

Categories:

Cetylpyridinium is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Antiseptics and Disinfectants, Blood and Blood Forming Organs, Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions, Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting, Dermatologicals, Detergents, Household Products, Irrigating Solutions, Medicated Dressings, Medicated Dressings With Antiinfectives, Miscellaneous Anti-infectives, Mouthwashes and Gargles, Pyridines, Pyridinium Compounds, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Surface-Active Agents, Throat Preparations. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.