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N4-Hydroxycytidine
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Looking for N4-Hydroxycytidine API 3258-02-4?
- Description:
- Here you will find a list of producers, manufacturers and distributors of N4-Hydroxycytidine. You can filter on certificates such as GMP, FDA, CEP, Written Confirmation and more. Send inquiries for free and get in direct contact with the supplier of your choice.
- API | Excipient name:
- N4-Hydroxycytidine
- Synonyms:
- 4-N-Hydroxycytidine , beta-D-N-4-Hydroxycytidine , Beta-D-N4-hydroxycytidine , N(4)-Hydroxycytidine , NHC , Uridine, 4-oxime , β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine
- Cas Number:
- 3258-02-4
- DrugBank number:
- DB15660
- Unique Ingredient Identifier:
- C3D11PV2O4
General Description:
N4-Hydroxycytidine, identified by CAS number 3258-02-4, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. N4-Hydroxyctidine, or EIDD-1931, is a ribonucleoside analog which induces mutations in RNA virions. N4-hydroxycytidine was first described in the literature in 1980 as a potent mutagen of bacteria and phage. It has shown antiviral activity against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and the human coronavirus HCoV-NL63 _in vitro_. N4-hydroxycytodine has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 as well as other human and bat coronaviruses in mice and human airway epithelial cells. It is orally bioavailable in mice and distributes into tissue before becoming the active 5’-triphosphate form, which is incorporated into the genome of new virions, resulting in the accumulation of inactivating mutations. In non-human primates, N4-hydroxycytidine was poorly orally bioavailable. A resistant mutant mouse hepatitis virus has also been shown to have increased sensitivity to N4-hydroxycytidine. The prodrug of N4-hydroxycytidine, , is also being investigated for its broad spectrum activity against the coronavirus family of viruses.
Indications:
This drug is primarily indicated for: N4-hydroxycytidine and its prodrug is being studied for its activity against a number of viral infections including influenza, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.
Metabolism:
N4-Hydroxycytidine undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: N4-hydroxycytidine distributes into tissues where it is is phosphorylated to the 5'-triphosphate form. This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.
Absorption:
The absorption characteristics of N4-Hydroxycytidine are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: N4-hydroxycytidine is orally bioavailable in mice but poorly bioavailable in non-human primates. The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.
Mechanism of Action:
N4-Hydroxycytidine functions by: N4-hydroxycytidine is phosphorylated in tissue to the active 5’-triphosphate form, which is incorporated into the genome of new virions, resulting in the accumulation of inactivating mutations, known as viral error catastrophe. A resistant mutant mouse hepatitis virus has also been shown to have increased sensitivity to N4-hydroxycytidine. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.
Toxicity:
Categories:
N4-Hydroxycytidine is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Carbohydrates, Cytosine Nucleotides, Experimental Unapproved Treatments for COVID-19, Glycosides, Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides, Nucleosides, Pyrimidine Nucleosides, Pyrimidines, Ribonucleosides. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.
N4-Hydroxycytidine is a type of Anti-infective Agents
Anti-infective agents are a vital category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in the treatment of various infectious diseases. These agents play a crucial role in combating bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. The demand for effective anti-infective APIs has grown significantly due to the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant microorganisms.
Anti-infective APIs encompass a wide range of substances, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics. Antibiotics are particularly important in fighting bacterial infections and are further categorized into different classes based on their mode of action and target bacteria. Antivirals are designed to inhibit viral replication and are essential in the treatment of viral infections such as influenza and HIV. Antifungals combat fungal infections, while antiparasitics are used to eliminate parasites that cause diseases like malaria and helminthiasis.
The development and production of high-quality anti-infective APIs require stringent manufacturing processes and adherence to regulatory standards. Pharmaceutical companies invest heavily in research and development to discover new and more effective anti-infective agents. Additionally, ensuring the safety, efficacy, and stability of these APIs is of utmost importance.
The global market for anti-infective APIs is driven by factors such as the rising incidence of infectious diseases, the emergence of new and drug-resistant pathogens, and the growing demand for improved healthcare infrastructure. Continuous advancements in pharmaceutical technology and the development of innovative drug delivery systems further contribute to the expansion of this market.
In conclusion, anti-infective agents are a critical category of pharmaceutical APIs that play a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Their effectiveness in combating various types of infections makes them essential components in the arsenal of modern medicine.
