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General Description:

Tideglusib, identified by CAS number 865854-05-3, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Tideglusib is under the investigation for the development of treatments for Alzheimer's disease and for progressive supranuclear palsy. It is reported to be a potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective that is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Tideglusib is being developed by the Spanish pharmaceutic company Zeltia group and its current status is withdrawn for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as of 2012.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Tideglusib was initially formulated for the treatment of Alzheimer and progressive supranuclear palsy. The raising interest for the use of tideglusib comes from the significant upregulation of GSK-3 in the brain in patients with Alzheimer disease. Its function as a degradant of β-catenin, was also important, as it prevents the transcription of cell survival genes. All these factors have directed current research towards this kinase as a potential target. Alzheimer disease is the most prevalent form of dementia. The most accepted hypothesis to explain this disease is related to the presence of amyloid β, which triggers a cascade that will alter the Tau protein and provoke synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. GSK-3 importance in the tissue repair pathway has also pointed out a novel application for tideglusib. Thus, it is also under the research for the natural repair treatment of deep caries lesions. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Pharmacodynamics:

Tideglusib exerts its therapeutic effects through: It is reported that tideglusib administration inhibits the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells, thus it presented a neuroprotective effect. It is known as well that the inactivation of GSK-3 protects against excitotoxicity. In pre-clinical trials, there have been reports of decrease Tau hyperphosphorylation, lower brain amyloid plaque load, learning and memory enhancement, prevention of neuronal loss and significant increases of the insulin growth factor 1 which is a potent neurotrophic peptide with therapeutic value.The reports in clinical trials have shown a trend in cognition increase of Alzheimer patients treated for 24 weeks. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Tideglusib functions by: GSK-3 is a proline/serine protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and involved in many cellular signaling pathways. From all its diverse functions, it plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease. This role is related to its link with β-amyloid and tau pathology. It has been suggested that aberrant Wnt or insulin signaling results in increased GSK-3 function. This kinase acts on γ-secretase producing the hyperphosphorylation of tau, the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Tideglusib inhibits GSK-3 irreversibly by presenting a non-competitive inhibition pattern with respect to ATP. The binding of tideglusib seems to directly relate to the motif containing Cys199. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Tideglusib belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthalenes. These are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings, classified under the direct parent group Naphthalenes. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Benzenoids superclass, and categorized within the Naphthalenes class, specifically within the None subclass.

Categories:

Tideglusib is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3, antagonists & inhibitors, Sulfur Compounds, Thiazoles. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.

Experimental Properties:

Further physical and chemical characteristics of Tideglusib include:

• Water Solubility: Sparingly soluble
• Melting Point: 148-150ºC
• Boiling Point: 511.3ºC at 760 mmHg
• logP: 3.28