Catumaxomab API Manufacturers

General Description:

Catumaxomab, identified by CAS number 509077-98-9, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Catumaxumab is a trifunctional monoclonal antibody developed for use in cancer treatment. It has affinity for T-cells, accessory immune cells, and cancer cells. Catumaxumab was initially authorized for market by the European Medicines Agency in April 2009 for the treatment of malignant ascites . Its market authorization was withdrawn in the EU in June 2017 at the manufacturer's request due to the company's insolvency. Catumaxumab was approved for market in Canada in May 2012 for the same condition . It is currently available under the brand name Removab.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: For use in the management of malignant ascites tumours via intraperitoneal infusion where standard therapy is not available or feasible . Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Catumaxomab are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: Catumaxomab has an observed bioavailability of 82% . This value decreases as the EpCAM positive tumour load and number of immune cells in the peritoneal cavity increases. While some Catumaxomab escapes into systemic circulation, most localizes to EpCAM positive tissues. Tmax is 19 h. The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Catumaxomab is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: Catumaxomab has an apparent half life of elimination of 2.5 days . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Pharmacodynamics:

Catumaxomab exerts its therapeutic effects through: Catumaxomab brings cancer cells, T cells, and accessory immune cells into close proximity and stimulates activation and of immune cells . This facilitates immune system-mediated destruction of the cancer cells. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Catumaxomab functions by: Catumaxomab contains epitopes for human CD3 and human epithelial cell adehesion molecule. It also has an intact immunoglobulin gamma constant region allowing it to bind to Fcγ I, IIa, and III receptors . By binding to CD3 on killer T cells, EpCAM on cancer cells, and Fcγ receptors on accessory immune cells like macrophages and NK cells, Catumaxomab brings immune cells into close proximity to EpCAM positive cancer cells. As a functional antibody, Catumaxomab also stimulates bound NK cells to release cytotoxic mediators like granzyme or bound macrophages to phagocytose the cancer cell. Phagocytosed cancer cells can be processed and have their antigens presented on major histocompatibililty complex II to activate helper T cells and contribute to humoural immunity and activation of killer T cells against EpCAM postive cancer cells. These macrophages also release inflammatory cytokines to attract additional immune cells to EpCAM positive tissues. When antibodies reach higher concentrations, they can stimulate complement-mediated cytotoxicity against EpCAM positive cancer cells. Bound killer T cells are activated resulting in proliferation and release of cytotoxic mediators resulting in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the cancer cell. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Catumaxomab belongs to the None, classified under the direct parent group Peptides. This compound is a part of the Organic Compounds, falling under the Organic Acids superclass, and categorized within the Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives class, specifically within the Amino Acids, Peptides, and Analogues subclass.

Categories:

Catumaxomab is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins, Antibodies, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents, Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies, Blood Proteins, Cancer immunotherapy, Gastrointestinal Agents, Globulins, Immunoglobulins, Immunoproteins, Immunotherapy, MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DRUG CONJUGATES, Proteins, Serum Globulins. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.

Experimental Properties:

Further physical and chemical characteristics of Catumaxomab include:

• Molecular Weight: 150511.0