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General Description:

Beclamide, identified by CAS number 501-68-8, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Beclamide (N-benzyl-B-chloropropionamide) is a no longer used drug that possesses anticonvulsant and sedative activity. It was studied in the 1950s for generalised tonic-clonic seizures but was not effective for absence seizures.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Has been used in the management of epilepsy and epilepsy related behavioural disorders. It was used for generalised tonic-clonic seizures, and was not effective for absence seizures. More recently focus has shifted to the use of beclamide in behavioural disorders. In mentally handicapped epileptic patients it has been found to decrease anxiety, antisocial and demanding behaviours, and impulsivity. Mood stabilizing effects were also noted. Additionally, due to its effects on monoamines, beclamide may have a potential place in treating conditions such as tardive dyskinesia and hyperkinetic syndromes. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Beclamide undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: Rapidly metabolized. Major pathway of metabolism is oxidation of the benzene ring to yield 3-hydroxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl metabolites, and oxidation of the benyl methylene to yield benzoic acid. 3 and 4 hydroxyphenyl metabolites are excreted extensively as gluconuride and sulphate conjugates, and benzoic acid is excreted as a glycine conjugate (hippuric acid). This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Beclamide from the body primarily occurs through: Metabolites appear in urine only. 4- hydroxybeclamide is present in the urine to a greater extent than 3 hydroxybeclamide. Approximately 20% of the radiolabel was excreted in urine. Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Mechanism of Action:

Beclamide functions by: Beclamide has been used for over three decades with little knowledge of how it acts in the CNS. In one study using rats, beclamide was seen to reduce striatal dopamine and serotonin levels and increase the levels of dopamine's major metabolites (and thus dopamine turnover), while reducing the levels of serotonin's major metabolite below detectable levels. A similar effect on neurotransmitter levels was seen in the rat frontal cortices. It is theorized that animal aggression is linked to levels of biogenic monoamines such as dopamine and serotonin, however the exact role is unclear. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Classification:

Beclamide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives. These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene, classified under the direct parent group Benzene and substituted derivatives. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Benzenoids superclass, and categorized within the Benzene and substituted derivatives class, specifically within the None subclass.

Categories:

Beclamide is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Acids, Acyclic, Anticonvulsants, Central Nervous System Depressants, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Lipids, Nervous System. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.