Zinc chloride API Manufacturers

General Description:

Zinc chloride, identified by CAS number 7646-85-7, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Zinc chloride is a solution of ions indicated for use in total parenteral nutrition to maintain zinc levels and prevent deficiency syndromes. Zinc chloride was granted FDA approval before 26 June 1986.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Zinc chloride injections are indicated for use total parenteral nutrition to maintain zinc serum levels and prevent deficiency syndromes. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Zinc chloride undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: Zinc chloride dissociates into ions _in vivo_ and does not undergo further metabolism. This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Zinc chloride are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: Zinc is approximately 33% orally bioavailable in humans but bioavailability can vary between patients and depending on current zinc levels. Further data regarding the pharmacokinetics of zinc chloride are not readily available. The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Zinc chloride is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: Using a two compartment model, zinc has once half life of 4.5-26 days and a second half life of 387-478 days. This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Zinc chloride exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: Zinc is 70% protein bound in plasma, partially to serum albumin. This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Zinc chloride from the body primarily occurs through: Zinc is predominantly eliminated in the feces. Gastrointestinal elimination of zinc is responsible for approximately half of all zinc elimination. Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Zinc chloride is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: In one study of healthy patients, the clearance of zinc was found to be 0.63 ± 0.39 μg/min. It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Zinc chloride exerts its therapeutic effects through: Zinc is a cofactor in many enzymes and mediates a number of catalytic, structural, and regulatory roles in the body. It has a wide therapeutic index and long duration of action, as most zinc in the body is reabsorbed. Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of administration in patients with severe kidney dysfunction. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Zinc chloride functions by: Zinc performs catalytic, structural, and regulatory roles in the body. Zinc is a component of approximately 3000 human proteins. Zinc is cytoprotective against reactive oxygen species mediated apoptosis through the action of metallothioneins. In a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, zinc enhances the up-regulation of A20 mRNA, which, via the TRAF pathway, decreases NF-kappaB activation, leading to decreased gene expression and generation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 . In patients with diarrhea, zinc restores mucosal barrier integrity, restores enterocyte brush-border enzyme activity, promotes the production of antibodies, and promotes the production of circulating lymphocytes against intestinal pathogens. Zinc also directly affects ion channels as a potassium channel blocker of cAMP-mediated chlorine secretion. Zinc deficiency decreases thymulin, inhibiting T-helper cell maturation and decreased Th-1 cytokines like IL-2. Decreased IL-2 decreases the activity of NK cells and CD8+ T cells. Zinc deficiency also leads to the generation of CD4+ T cells, decreased NF-κB activation, decreased phosphorylation of IκB, and decreased binding of NF-κB to DNA. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Zinc chloride belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal, classified under the direct parent group Transition metal chlorides. This compound is a part of the Inorganic compounds, falling under the Mixed metal/non-metal compounds superclass, and categorized within the Transition metal salts class, specifically within the Transition metal chlorides subclass.

Categories:

Zinc chloride is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Acids, Acids, Noncarboxylic, Agents for Treatment of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures for Topical Use, Anions, Basic Ointments and Protectants, Blood and Blood Forming Organs, Blood Substitutes and Perfusion Solutions, Chlorine Compounds, Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting, Cosmetics, Dental Agents, EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous, Electrolyte Solutions, Electrolytes, Household Products, I.V. Solution Additives, Ions, Metal cations, Metal divalent cations, Mouthwashes, Skin Ulcer, drug therapy, Vasoprotectives, Zinc Compounds. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.