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Resorcinol API Manufacturers & Suppliers

General Description:

Resorcinol, identified by CAS number 108-46-3, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Resorcinol is a 1,3-isomer (or meta-isomer) of benzenediol with the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in topical pharmaceutical products in the treatment of skin disorders and infections such as acne, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, corns, calluses, and warts. It exerts a keratolytic activity. Resorcinol works by helping to remove hard, scaly, or roughened skin. Although it is primarily indicated for use as a topical application, resorcinol also possesses a well-documented anti-thyroidal activity that is generally not relied upon for any kind of formal therapeutic indication.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Contemporary therapeutic uses for resorcinol primarily revolve around the use of the phenol derivative as an active ingredient in topical antiseptics or as topical antibacterial skin treatment products for conditions like acne, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, and others . Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Resorcinol undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: Specific data regarding the metabolism of resorcinol is not readily available, although the major metabolite of resorcinol found in the urine was its glucuronide . This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Resorcinol are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: The dermal absorption of resorcinol seems to be low (< 1%) when applied on healthy and intact skin . The agent absorbed very slightly under normal conditions & the absorption was lower when applied to the scalp than to clean shaven skin due to a strong fixation by the hair . The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Resorcinol is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: Specific data regarding the half-life of resorcinol is not readily available, although, in one case of dermal exposure, an adult male with a 90% phenol exposure had an elimination half-life of about 14 hours . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Resorcinol exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: Specific data regarding the protein binding of resorcinol is not readily available. This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Resorcinol from the body primarily occurs through: Specific data regarding the route of elimination of resorcinol is not readily available, although the major metabolite of resorcinol found in the urine was its glucuronide . Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Resorcinol is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: Specific data regarding the volume of distribution of resorcinol is not readily available, although it is believed that the compound's volume of distribution is considered large, owing to resorcinol's profile as a lipid-soluble compound . This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Resorcinol is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: Specific data regarding the clearance of resorcinol is not readily available, although it is generally believed that the relatively low topical absorption or resorcinol does not result in an extensive systemic presence and clearance . It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Resorcinol exerts its therapeutic effects through: In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that resorcinol can inhibit peroxidases in the thyroid and subsequently block the synthesis of thyroid hormones and cause goiter . Resorcinol interferes with the iodination of tyrosine and the oxidation of iodide . In an in vitro study involving lactoperoxidase (LPO) and thyroid peroxidase (TPO), it was shown that the mechanism of these two enzymes can become irreversibly inhibited by way of a suicide inactivation by resorcinol . It is believed that the Fe3+ of the porphyrin residue of the peroxidase to is oxidised to Fe4+ by hydrogen peroxide with the transfer of an oxygen radical . In LPO and TPO, the resulting π-cation radical of the porphyrin can isomerize to a radical cation with the radical in an aromatic side chain of the enzyme . The latter radical can bind, in a pH-dependent reaction, covalently and irreversibly to the resorcinol radical formed during regular oxidation of resorcinol and this reduces the activity of the enzyme greatly . While the inactivation of the enzyme and the binding of resorcinol to the enzyme may be largely increased by the presence of 0.1 nM iodide, increasing the iodide concentration to 5 mM reduced the resorcinol binding to the enzyme by one quarter but increased the enzyme activity, determined as the rate of iodination of tyrosine, more than proportionally from 6.2% to 44.7% . Nevertheless, the role played by iodide ions in the irreversible inactivation of the enzymes is not yet fully elucidated . Ultimately, such in vitro and in vivo data propose that the anti-thyroidal activity of resorcinol is caused by inhibition of thyroid peroxidase enzymes, resulting in decreased thyroid hormone production and increased proliferation due to an increase in the secretion of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) . The iodination process is catalyzed by a haem-containing enzyme, and resorcinol is known to form covalent bonds with haem . Despite the legitimacy of this pharmacodynamic profile in resorcinol, the therapeutic uses for which it may be formally indicated for at this time do not actually rely upon any of these mechanisms or dynamics, which are primarily elicited only upon systemic exposure to resorcinol or particularly high overdosage of the agent. This is especially true, considering resorcinol is most commonly available as topical applications to the public. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Resorcinol functions by: Data regarding the specific mechanisms of action of resorcinol does not appear to be readily accessible in the literature. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of the agent in treating various topical, dermatological conditions by eliciting antibacterial and keratolytic actions appears to stem from resorcinol's propensity for protein precipitation . In particular, it appears that resorcinol indicated for treating acne, dermatitis, or eczema in various skin care topical applications and peels revolves around the compound's ability to precipitate cutaneous proteins from the treated skin . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Classification:

Resorcinol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as resorcinols. These are compounds containing a resorcinol moiety, which is a benzene ring bearing two hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 3, classified under the direct parent group Resorcinols. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Benzenoids superclass, and categorized within the Phenols class, specifically within the Benzenediols subclass.

Categories:

Resorcinol is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Anti-Acne Preparations, Anti-Acne Preparations for Topical Use, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, Benzene Derivatives, Dermatologicals, Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted, Ophthalmologicals, Phenols, Root Canal Filling Materials, Sensory Organs. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.