Lithium citrate API Manufacturers

General Description:

Lithium citrate is a chemical compound identified by the CAS number 919-16-4. It is known for its distinct pharmacological properties and applications.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer, and is used for treatment of depression and mania. It is often used in bipolar disorder treatment. Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Pharmacodynamics:

Lithium citrate exerts its therapeutic effects through: Although lithium has been used for over 50 years in treatment of bipolar disorder, the mechanism of action is still unknown. Lithium's therapeutic action may be due to a number of effects, ranging from inhibition of enzymes such as glycogen synthase kinase 3, inositol phosphatases, or modulation of glutamate receptors. The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Lithium citrate functions by: The precise mechanism of action of Li+ as a mood-stabilizing agent is currently unknown. It is possible that Li+ produces its effects by interacting with the transport of monovalent or divalent cations in neurons. An increasing number of scientists have come to the conclusion that the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is the key factor in understanding how lithium works. Lithium has been shown to change the inward and outward currents of glutamate receptors (especially GluR3), without a shift in reversal potential. Lithium has been found to exert a dual effect on glutamate receptors, acting to keep the amount of glutamate active between cells at a stable, healthy level, neither too much nor too little. It is postulated that too much glutamate in the space between neurons causes mania, and too little, depression. Another mechanism by which lithium might help to regulate mood include the non-competitive inhibition of an enzyme called inositol monophosphatase. Alternately lithium's action may be enhanced through the deactivation of the GSK-3B enzyme. The regulation of GSK-3B by lithium may affect the circadian clock. GSK-3 is known for phosphorylating and thus inactivating glycogen synthase. GSK-3B has also been implicated in the control of cellular response to damaged DNA. GSK-3 normally phosphorylates beta catenin, which leads to beta catenin degratation. When GSK-3 is inhibited, beta catenin increases and transgenic mice with overexpression of beta catenin express similar behaviour to mice treated with lithium. These results suggest that increase of beta catenin may be a possible pathway for the therapeutic action of lithium. This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Classification:

Lithium citrate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups, classified under the direct parent group Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. This compound is a part of the Organic compounds, falling under the Organic acids and derivatives superclass, and categorized within the Carboxylic acids and derivatives class, specifically within the Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives subclass.

Categories:

Lithium citrate is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Acids, Acyclic, Antidepressive Agents, Antimanic Agents, Central Nervous System Depressants, Lithium Compounds, Mood Stabilizer, Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs, Nephrotoxic agents, Neurotoxic agents, Psychotropic Drugs, QTc Prolonging Agents, Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome, Serotonin Agents, Serotonin Modulators, Tricarboxylic Acids. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.