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Triamcinolone | CAS No: 124-94-7 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that addresses diverse inflammatory and immune‑mediated conditions, supporting management of dermatologic disorders, joint inflammation, severe allergic diseases, and ocular inflammation for broad clinical use.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Triamcinolone hexacetonide injections are indicated for intralesional administration in alopecia areata, discoid lupus erythematosus, keloids, and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum
- This formulation can also be used for localized hypertrophic infiltrated inflammatory lesions of granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, and psoriatic plaques
- Triamcinolone acetonide spray and cream are indicated for the treatment of inflammatory and pruritic manifestations of corticosteroid responsive dermatoses
Product Snapshot
- Triamcinolone is available as topical creams and sprays, oral solids and liquids, and multiple injectable corticosteroid formulations for intra‑articular, intralesional, intramuscular, intravitreal, and other parenteral use
- It is used for corticosteroid‑responsive inflammatory dermatoses, musculoskeletal and joint inflammatory conditions, ocular inflammation and macular edema, and various systemic allergic, autoimmune, and hematologic disorders
- The molecule and its key formulations are approved in the US and Canada, including some veterinary approvals
Clinical Overview
Indications include intralesional treatment of alopecia areata, discoid lupus erythematosus, keloids, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, and localized hypertrophic or infiltrative lesions such as granuloma annulare, lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, and psoriatic plaques. Triamcinolone acetonide creams and sprays are used for corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Intra-articular injections treat acute gouty arthritis, bursitis, tenosynovitis, epicondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and synovitis of osteoarthritis, while intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide is used for severe allergic, dermatologic, respiratory, hematologic, endocrine, and autoimmune disorders. Intravitreal formulations address ocular inflammation including uveitis and sympathetic ophthalmia. A suprachoroidal suspension of triamcinolone acetonide is approved for macular edema associated with uveitis.
Triamcinolone acts by inhibiting phospholipase A2, reducing arachidonic acid generation, and downregulating cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways to suppress prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. It decreases vascular dilation and permeability and suppresses transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B, reducing cytokine release.
Pharmacokinetics depend on formulation and route. As a glucocorticoid, triamcinolone is metabolized primarily by hepatic CYP3A enzymes. Systemic exposure varies widely with depot suspensions and ocular or intralesional administration. Elimination is mainly via renal excretion of metabolites.
Safety considerations include risks typical of corticosteroids such as hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis suppression, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression, ocular hypertension, and local tissue atrophy after intralesional injection. Triamcinolone must not be administered epidurally.
Quality considerations for API procurement include confirmation of ester identity, control of polymorphic form, impurity profiling consistent with regulatory expectations, and supply chain verification to support global formulation and regulatory needs.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Triamcinolone |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 124-94-7 |
| UNII | 1ZK20VI6TY |
| DrugBank ID | DB00620 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Triamcinolone is a synthetic corticosteroid that binds the glucocorticoid receptor to suppress inflammatory signaling. It inhibits phospholipase A2 and downstream cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, reducing production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and other pro‑inflammatory mediators. Its pharmacologic effect centers on limiting vascular permeability and leukocyte activity across corticosteroid‑responsive tissues. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Corticosteroids like triamcinolone inhibit phospholipase A2 on cell membranes, preventing the breakdown of lysosomal membranes of leukocytes, which in turn prevent the formation of arachidonic acid, which decrease expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.Anti-inflammatory activity occurs via reversal of vascular dilation and reducing permeability, which prevents macrophage and leukocyte migration.Triamcinolone also inhibits nuclear factor kappa-B, which decreases the production of pro-inflammatory signals such as interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Triamcinolone is a corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory properties.These properties are used to treat inflammation in conditions that affect various organs and tissues.Triamcinolone should not be administered as an epidural injection. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Glucocorticoid receptor | Humans | agonist |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | A 16mg oral dose of triamcinolone reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 5.23±0.84ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 2.24±0.78h and an AUC of 36.0±6.2ng\*h/mL. A 2mg intravenous dose of triamcinolone acetonide has an AUC of 57.7ng\*h/mL.The bioavailability of 800µg of inhaled triamcinolone acetonide is 25%, with 10.4% coming from pulmonary absorption and the rest being accounted for by deposition on the oral mucosa and other underlying factors.An inhaled dose of triamcinolone acetonide reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 0.92ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 1.74h and an AUC of 5.12ng\*h/mL.The fraction of an inhaled dose that is actually absorbed via the pulmonary route reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 0.55ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 0.66h and an AUC of 2.15ng\*h/mL. A 16mg oral dose of triamcinolone diacetate reaches a C<sub>max</sub> of 5.33±1.55ng/mL with a T<sub>max</sub> of 1.86±0.47h and an AUC of 32.7±9.9ng\*h/mL. |
|---|---|
| Half-life | The half life of triamcinolone is 2.7h.The mean terminal elimination half life following an inhaled dose of triamcinolone acetonide is 2.4h.The half life of triamcinolone diacetate is 2.8h. |
| Protein binding | Triamcinolone is mostly bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin or serum albumin.Triamcinolone acetonide is approximately 68% protein bound in plasma. |
| Metabolism | The major metabolite of triamcinolone is 6-beta-hydroxy-triamcinolone.Data regarding the metabolism of triamcinolone is not readily available. |
| Route of elimination | Approximately 20% of a dose of triamcinolone is recovered in the urine as the unchanged drug, 25% is recovered as 6-beta-hydroxy-triamcinolone, and 5% is recovered as unidentified metabolites. |
| Volume of distribution | The apparent volume of distribution of triamcinolone is 115.2±10L.The mean apparent volume of distribution of triamcinolone acetonide is 1.96L/kg.The apparent volume of distribution of triamcinolone diacetate is 119.7±33.14L. |
| Clearance | The clearance of triamcinolone is 28.6±5.6L/h.The mean total body clearance of triamcinolone acetonide is 0.57L/h.The clearance of triamcinolone diacetate is 34.4±10.6L/h. |
Formulation & handling
- Triamcinolone is a small‑molecule corticosteroid widely formulated for oral, topical, nasal, inhalation, and parenteral use, with no peptide‑related stability constraints.
- Low logP and moderate aqueous solubility support oral solutions/tablets but often require suspension or emulsion systems for depot or topical preparations.
- Parenteral and ophthalmic products are commonly supplied as suspensions that require particle‑size control, anti‑settling strategies, and protection from aggregation during storage and handling.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | Most core patent protections in the United States and Canada expired between 2016 and 2020, indicating the API is in a mature post‑patent phase. With products marketed in both countries, the market environment is consistent with late‑lifecycle conditions and established generic availability. |
|---|
| Markets | US, Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Triamcinolone has legacy originator involvement, but its supply landscape is now dominated by numerous generic manufacturers and packagers across the US and Canada. Branded nasal and dermatologic products remain available in these markets, while broad generic production supports wide global distribution. With key US and Canadian patents expiring between 2016 and 2020, the compound is already subject to established generic competition. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | The subcutaneous LD<sub>50</sub> of triamcinolone acetonide in rats is 13,100µg/kg and in mice is 132mg/kg.The oral LD<sub>50</sub> in rats is 1451mg/kg and in mice is 2168mg/kg.[LD<sub>50</sub>] The intraperitoneal LD<sub>50</sub> in mice is 105mg/kg.[LD<sub>50</sub>] Patients experiencing an overdose may develop Cushing's syndrome.This overdose may be treated with supportive therapy and mifepristone for its antiglucocorticoid activity. |
|---|
- High-dose exposure shows wide LD50 variability across species and administration routes, with lowest values observed for intraperitoneal dosing in mice, indicating increased toxicity under systemic exposure conditions
- Excess systemic levels can precipitate corticosteroid-related endocrine disturbances, including features consistent with Cushing‑type hypercortisolism
- Handle concentrated formulations with controls that limit accidental injection or absorption, as glucocorticoid potency may produce significant systemic effects even at relatively low unintended doses
Triamcinolone is a type of Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are a vital subcategory of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that play a crucial role in the field of medicine. These synthetic drugs mimic the effects of hormones naturally produced by the adrenal glands. Corticosteroids exhibit potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making them widely used in the treatment of various medical conditions.
The main therapeutic applications of corticosteroids include the management of inflammatory disorders such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological conditions like eczema and psoriasis. They are also employed in the treatment of allergic reactions, organ transplantations, and certain types of cancer.
Corticosteroids function by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and suppressing immune responses. They act on specific receptors present in cells throughout the body, modulating gene expression and influencing various metabolic processes. These APIs are available in various formulations, including oral tablets, injectables, inhalers, nasal sprays, and topical creams.
It is crucial to note that corticosteroids must be prescribed and used under medical supervision due to their potential side effects, which can include adrenal suppression, osteoporosis, increased susceptibility to infections, and glucose intolerance. The dosage and duration of treatment vary depending on the condition being treated, and physicians carefully monitor patients to minimize any adverse effects.
In summary, corticosteroids are a vital class of pharmaceutical APIs with powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are extensively used in the treatment of diverse medical conditions, providing relief to patients worldwide. However, their usage requires careful consideration and medical supervision to ensure optimal outcomes and minimize potential risks.
Triamcinolone (Corticosteroids), classified under Respiratory Tract Agents
Respiratory Tract Agents are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) designed to treat respiratory conditions and diseases. These agents are specifically formulated to target the respiratory system, which includes the lungs, airways, and nasal passages. They play a crucial role in managing various respiratory disorders, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allergic rhinitis.
Respiratory Tract Agents encompass a wide range of medications, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and mucolytics. Bronchodilators are commonly used to relieve airway constriction and facilitate smooth breathing by relaxing the muscles in the airways. Corticosteroids help reduce inflammation in the respiratory system, alleviating symptoms and preventing exacerbations. Antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors, thus mitigating allergic reactions that often impact the respiratory tract. Mucolytics aid in loosening and thinning mucus, making it easier to expel from the airways.
These APIs are developed through rigorous research and development processes, ensuring their efficacy, safety, and compliance with regulatory standards. Pharmaceutical manufacturers rely on advanced technologies and stringent quality control measures to produce high-quality Respiratory Tract Agents. These APIs are subsequently incorporated into various dosage forms, including inhalers, nasal sprays, nebulizers, and oral medications.
Respiratory Tract Agents are essential in the management of respiratory conditions, providing relief from symptoms, improving lung function, and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients. They are prescribed by healthcare professionals and often used in combination therapies to achieve optimal results. As respiratory disorders continue to affect a significant portion of the global population, the development and availability of effective Respiratory Tract Agents play a vital role in addressing these health challenges and improving patient outcomes.
Triamcinolone API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Triamcinolone API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 17 companies offering Triamcinolone API, with manufacturing taking place in 7 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caesar & Loretz GmbH (CAE... | Distributor | Germany | Unknown | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 211 products |
| Cambrex | Producer | Italy | United States | CoA, GMP | 104 products |
| Coral Drugs | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CEP, CoA, EDMF/ASMF, FDA, GMP, ISO9001, WC, WHO-GMP | 25 products |
| Curia | Producer | United States | Spain | CoA, EDMF/ASMF, GMP, JDMF, KDMF, MSDS, USDMF | 106 products |
| Duchefa Farma B.V. | Distributor | Netherlands | India | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, MSDS | 170 products |
| Farmabios | Producer | Italy | Italy | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, JDMF, KDMF, USDMF | 58 products |
| Flavine | Distributor | Germany | Unknown | CoA | 83 products |
| Gonane Pharma | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, GMP, MSDS | 166 products |
| KRKA | Producer | Slovenia | Slovenia | CoA, GMP | 81 products |
| Sanofi | Producer | France | Unknown | CoA, USDMF | 93 products |
| Shaoxing Hantai Pharma | Distributor | China | China | CoA | 162 products |
| Sicor | Producer | Italy | Italy | CoA, GMP | 47 products |
| Sinoway industrial Co.,Lt... | Distributor | China | China | CoA, GMP, ISO9001, USDMF | 757 products |
| Symbiotec Pharma | Producer | India | Unknown | CEP, CoA, FDA, GMP, KDMF, USDMF, WC | 50 products |
| Tianjin Tianfa | Producer | China | China | CoA | 1 products |
| Tianjin Tianyao | Producer | China | China | CoA, USDMF | 24 products |
| Vamsi Labs | Producer | India | India | BSE/TSE, CoA, FDA, GMP, MSDS | 29 products |
When sending a request, specify which Triamcinolone API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Triamcinolone API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
Frequently asked questions about Triamcinolone API
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Technical
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Regulatory
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