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Oxacillin | CAS No: 66-79-5 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats resistant staphylococcal infections by providing effective antibacterial action against beta-lactamase producing pathogens in systemic infections.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- Used in the treatment of resistant staphylococci infections
Product Snapshot
- Oxacillin is available primarily as a parenteral injectable formulation including lyophilized powder and solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration
- It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by resistant staphylococci strains
- Oxacillin holds approval status in the US market
Clinical Overview
Pharmacodynamically, oxacillin exhibits bactericidal activity by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This is achieved through its binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential enzymes located in the bacterial cell wall responsible for the final stages of peptidoglycan cross-linking. By disrupting this process, oxacillin compromises cell wall integrity, ultimately causing bacterial cell lysis mediated by autolytic enzymes such as autolysins. Oxacillin demonstrates stability against hydrolysis by many beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, cephalosporinases, and certain extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, which contributes to its efficacy against resistant gram-positive pathogens. It exhibits in vitro activity against both gram-positive and some gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
Regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), oxacillin is primarily eliminated via renal excretion, consistent with other beta-lactam antibiotics. Its pharmacokinetic profile supports systemic use in various administration routes tailored to infection severity and site.
Safety considerations include hypersensitivity reactions typical of beta-lactam antibiotics, caution in patients with known penicillin allergy, and monitoring in individuals with impaired renal function due to its renal clearance. No significant hepatotoxic or teratogenic effects have been definitively linked, but standard pharmacovigilance applies.
Oxacillin is marketed under various brand names globally and remains a critical agent in managing penicillinase-producing staphylococcal infections. For API procurement, it is essential to source oxacillin of high purity with consistent beta-lactam ring integrity, as this functional group is crucial for antibacterial activity. Suppliers should ensure compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and provide comprehensive certification, including solvent residuals and impurity profiles, to meet regulatory requirements.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Oxacillin |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 66-79-5 |
| UNII | UH95VD7V76 |
| DrugBank ID | DB00713 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Oxacillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that exerts bactericidal effects by binding to multiple penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It targets primarily gram-positive bacteria, including resistant Staphylococcus species, and is stable against various beta-lactamases such as penicillinases. Its mechanism disrupts cell wall integrity leading to bacterial lysis mediated by autolytic enzymes. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | By binding to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Oxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Oxacillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The name "penicillin" can either refer to several variants of penicillin available, or to the group of antibiotics derived from the penicillins. Oxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of Oxacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through Oxacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Oxacillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| Penicillin-binding protein 3 | Streptococcus pneumoniae | inhibitor |
| Penicillin-binding protein 2a | Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) | inhibitor |
| Penicillin-binding protein 1A | Streptococcus pneumoniae (strain ATCC BAA-255 / R6) | inhibitor |
ADME / PK
| Half-life | 20 to 30 minutes |
|---|---|
| Protein binding | 94.2 +/- 2.1% (binds to serum protein, mainly albumin) |
| Route of elimination | Oxacillin Sodium is rapidly excreted as unchanged drug in the urine by glomerular filtration and active tubular secretion. |
Formulation & handling
- Oxacillin is a small molecule antibiotic primarily formulated for parenteral administration via intramuscular or intravenous injection.
- The compound exhibits low water solubility, necessitating appropriate dissolution or reconstitution steps prior to administration.
- Due to its classification as a dipeptide derivative with moderate LogP, handling conditions should minimize exposure to moisture and avoid prolonged solution storage to maintain stability.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The API is approaching patent expiry in the US, indicating transition from exclusivity to increased generic competition. As a result, the market is expected to become more mature with multiple suppliers over time. |
|---|
| Markets | US |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | The manufacturing landscape for Oxacillin includes multiple originator and generic manufacturers with a significant presence among major pharmaceutical companies. The product is primarily marketed in the US, with branded versions still available, indicating historical originator involvement. Patent expiry has led to extensive generic competition, reflected by the variety of manufacturers and packagers active in the supply chain. |
|---|
Oxacillin is a type of Penicillins
Penicillins belong to the subcategory of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and play a crucial role in the treatment of various bacterial infections. They are a class of antibiotics derived from the fungus Penicillium, and are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry.
Penicillins exert their antibacterial effect by inhibiting the formation of bacterial cell walls. They target a specific enzyme, called transpeptidase, which is responsible for cross-linking the peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial cell wall. By blocking this process, penicillins weaken the cell wall, leading to its rupture and subsequent bacterial death.
These APIs are classified into several subclasses, such as penicillin G, penicillin V, and extended-spectrum penicillins. Each subclass has unique characteristics and mechanisms of action. Penicillin G, for example, is effective against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, while penicillin V is primarily used for oral administration.
The pharmaceutical industry produces penicillins through a fermentation process using Penicillium strains. The obtained penicillin products are then isolated, purified, and formulated into different dosage forms, including tablets, capsules, and injectables.
Penicillins have been instrumental in the treatment of various infections, including respiratory, skin, urinary tract, and sexually transmitted infections. However, it's essential to note that some bacteria have developed resistance to penicillins through different mechanisms, such as the production of beta-lactamases. As a result, pharmaceutical companies have developed combination therapies and modified penicillins to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
In summary, penicillins are a vital subcategory of pharmaceutical APIs that provide effective treatment options for bacterial infections. Their diverse subclasses, mechanisms of action, and formulations contribute to their widespread use in the medical field.
Oxacillin (Penicillins), classified under Antibacterials
Antibacterials, a category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. These APIs are chemical compounds that target and inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, helping to eliminate harmful bacterial pathogens from the body.
Antibacterials are essential for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and more. They are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to combat both mild and severe bacterial infections.
Within the category of antibacterials, there are different classes and subclasses of APIs, each with distinct mechanisms of action and target bacteria. Some commonly used antibacterials include penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. These APIs work by interfering with various aspects of bacterial cellular processes, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or enzyme activity.
The development and production of antibacterial APIs require stringent quality control measures to ensure their safety, efficacy, and purity. Pharmaceutical manufacturers must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and follow rigorous testing protocols to guarantee the quality and consistency of these APIs.
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to be a significant concern, ongoing research and development efforts aim to discover and develop new antibacterial APIs. The evolution of antibacterials plays a crucial role in combating emerging bacterial strains and ensuring effective treatment options for infectious diseases.
In summary, antibacterials are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used to treat bacterial infections. They are designed to inhibit or kill bacteria, and their development requires strict adherence to quality control standards. By continually advancing research in this field, scientists and pharmaceutical companies can contribute to the ongoing battle against bacterial infections.
Oxacillin API manufacturers & distributors
Compare qualified Oxacillin API suppliers worldwide. We currently have 4 companies offering Oxacillin API, with manufacturing taking place in 3 different countries. Use the table below to review supplier type, countries of origin, certifications, product portfolio and GMP audit availability.
| Supplier | Type | Country | Product origin | Certifications | Portfolio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corden Pharma | Producer | Germany | Italy | CoA, GMP, USDMF | 45 products |
| Parabolic Drugs | Producer | India | India | CoA, USDMF | 11 products |
| Saintsun Pharma Co Ltd | Producer | China | China | CoA | 2 products |
| Sinoway industrial Co.,Lt... | Distributor | China | China | CoA, ISO9001, MSDS | 762 products |
When sending a request, specify which Oxacillin API quality you need: for example EP (Ph. Eur.), USP, JP, BP, or another pharmacopoeial standard, as well as the required grade (base, salt, micronised, specific purity, etc.).
Use the list above to find high-quality Oxacillin API suppliers. For example, you can select GMP, FDA or ISO certified suppliers. Visit our help page to learn more about sourcing APIs via Pharmaoffer.
