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- Strontium chloride
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Strontium chloride | CAS No: 10476-85-4 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats dentin hypersensitivity by reducing tooth pain through topical application in oral care formulations, primarily utilized in toothpaste for sensitive teeth management.
Therapeutic categories
Drugs that are Mainly Renally ExcretedElementsMetalsMetals, Alkaline EarthMetals, HeavyStrontium Radioisotopes
Generic name
Strontium chloride
Molecule type
small molecule
CAS number
10476-85-4
DrugBank ID
DB13987
Approval status
Approved drug
Primary indications
- When employed as an ingredient in toothpaste formulations, strontium chloride is predominantly indicated for treating teeth hypersensitivity [A33167, A33168, L2882, F118]
Product Snapshot
- Strontium chloride is available in gel, injectable, and powder forms suitable for dental and intravenous administration
- It is primarily used as an ingredient in toothpaste formulations for managing teeth hypersensitivity
- The compound is approved for use in Canada
Clinical Overview
Strontium chloride (CAS number 10476-85-4) is an inorganic compound classified among alkaline earth metal chlorides. It consists of strontium and chloride ions and is primarily utilized in oral care formulations, specifically in toothpastes aimed at managing dentin hypersensitivity.
The clinical indication for strontium chloride in pharmaceutical and dental applications is the treatment of tooth sensitivity. Sensitive teeth often result from exposed dentinal tubules, microscopic channels in the dentin layer of teeth that contain nerve endings. Strontium chloride acts topically when applied via toothpaste, where it works by occluding or blocking these dentinal tubules. This mechanism reduces the flow of fluid within the tubules, which is associated with transmitting painful stimuli to the nerves, thereby diminishing sensitivity and discomfort.
Pharmacodynamically, strontium chloride-containing toothpaste products are formulated for topical use during brushing. The barrier formed by strontium ions provides protective coverage over exposed tubules; however, this effect requires repeated application as the barrier can wear off due to mechanical abrasion from chewing and daily oral hygiene routines. The formulation is intended to minimize ingestion, and systemic absorption is negligible, correlating with its topical mode of action.
From an ADME perspective, systemic absorption of strontium chloride via topical oral exposure is minimal, and any absorbed strontium is primarily eliminated through renal excretion. There is no significant accumulation reported with typical use in dentifrice products.
Safety and toxicity considerations generally focus on ensuring the compound's purity and preventing ingestion. Although strontium chloride is approved for use in dental formulations, its previous prominence has decreased, supplanted by newer agents with nerve-calming properties. Consequently, strontium chloride-based toothpastes may not be marketed or widely available in some regions.
When sourcing strontium chloride as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is critical to ensure compliance with pharmacopeial standards, confirm the absence of heavy metal contaminants, and verify the absence of impurities that could impact formulation stability or patient safety. Batch-to-batch consistency and regulatory compliance are essential to maintain quality in oral care product manufacturing.
The clinical indication for strontium chloride in pharmaceutical and dental applications is the treatment of tooth sensitivity. Sensitive teeth often result from exposed dentinal tubules, microscopic channels in the dentin layer of teeth that contain nerve endings. Strontium chloride acts topically when applied via toothpaste, where it works by occluding or blocking these dentinal tubules. This mechanism reduces the flow of fluid within the tubules, which is associated with transmitting painful stimuli to the nerves, thereby diminishing sensitivity and discomfort.
Pharmacodynamically, strontium chloride-containing toothpaste products are formulated for topical use during brushing. The barrier formed by strontium ions provides protective coverage over exposed tubules; however, this effect requires repeated application as the barrier can wear off due to mechanical abrasion from chewing and daily oral hygiene routines. The formulation is intended to minimize ingestion, and systemic absorption is negligible, correlating with its topical mode of action.
From an ADME perspective, systemic absorption of strontium chloride via topical oral exposure is minimal, and any absorbed strontium is primarily eliminated through renal excretion. There is no significant accumulation reported with typical use in dentifrice products.
Safety and toxicity considerations generally focus on ensuring the compound's purity and preventing ingestion. Although strontium chloride is approved for use in dental formulations, its previous prominence has decreased, supplanted by newer agents with nerve-calming properties. Consequently, strontium chloride-based toothpastes may not be marketed or widely available in some regions.
When sourcing strontium chloride as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, it is critical to ensure compliance with pharmacopeial standards, confirm the absence of heavy metal contaminants, and verify the absence of impurities that could impact formulation stability or patient safety. Batch-to-batch consistency and regulatory compliance are essential to maintain quality in oral care product manufacturing.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Strontium chloride |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 10476-85-4 |
| UNII | EKE8PS9J6Z |
| DrugBank ID | DB13987 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Strontium chloride acts by blocking fluid flow in dentinal tubules, reducing dental hypersensitivity. Its incorporation in toothpaste enables topical deposition on teeth surfaces, maintaining tubule occlusion with regular use. This mechanism reduces pain response associated with exposed dentin. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | For dental hypersensitivity, strontium ions in strontium chloride toothpaste formulations appear to relieve pain and sensitivity by blocking fluid flow in dentinal tubules, which are essentially microscopic canals in the dentin [A33167, A33168, L2882]. Regular use of such toothpastes maintains the strontium chloride barricading of the tubules despite normal everyday wear, tear, and washing of teeth. |
| Pharmacodynamics | As an active ingredient in a toothpaste formulation, strontium chloride and the rest of the toothpaste product that it is incorporated into is designed to come into contact with and topically coat the teeth [A33167, A33168, L2882] that are being brushed and is not supposed to be swallowed. The regular use of the toothpaste maintains protection that strontium chloride provides against tooth sensitivity despite the normal everyday wear, tear, and cleaning of teeth. |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | About 30 percent of ingested strontium is absorbed into the blood through the gut . The amount of strontium absorbed tends to decrease with age and is higher (about 60 percent) in children in their first year of life . Once it is absorbed into the blood, most of it ends up in bone; with the remainder going to soft tissues or being excreted in urine, feces, and sweat . About 8 percent of ingested strontium remains in the body after 30 days, and this decreases to about 4 percent after 1 year . |
|---|---|
| Half-life | Readily accessible information about the half-life of strontium calcium used in toothpastes is not available. |
| Protein binding | A protein binding of 30-40% has been documented for strontium chloride . |
| Metabolism | Strontium can bind to proteins and, based on its similarity to calcium, probably forms complexes with various inorganic anions, such as carbonate and phosphate, and carboxylic acids, such as citrate and lactate . Strontium can also interact with ligands that normally bind calcium, like hypoxyapatite, the main component of mineralized bone, and a variety of calcium-binding and calcium transport proteins that are important in the physiological disposition of calcium in cells, including Ca2+ adenosine triphosphatases, Na+Ca+ antiport], and Ca2+ channels . |
| Route of elimination | Once strontium is absorbed into the blood, most of it ends up in bone; with the remainder going to soft tissues or being excreted in urine, feces, and sweat . |
| Volume of distribution | The distribution of absorbed strontium in the human body is similar to that of calcium, with about 99% of total amount in the body being distributed in the skeleton . |
| Clearance | Despite being the major route of excretion of absorbed strontium, urinary excretion of absorbed strontium is observed to be slow . |
Formulation & handling
- Strontium chloride is suitable for both dental topical gel applications and intravenous injectable formulations as a small inorganic molecule.
- Its high water solubility facilitates rapid dissolution but requires careful handling to maintain solution stability.
- As a non-peptide small molecule, it does not exhibit sensitivity to food or enzymatic degradation typical of biologics.
Regulatory status
| Lifecycle | The API's primary patents have expired in Canada, allowing for generic market entry and increased availability of bioequivalent products. The market is transitioning from exclusivity to maturity with established competition. |
|---|
| Markets | Canada |
|---|
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Strontium chloride is currently marketed in Canada with branded products such as Lorvic Desensitizer. The presence of a limited number of originator companies suggests a focused manufacturing landscape. Patent expiry status is not specified, so the potential for generic competition remains unclear. |
|---|
Safety
| Toxicity | Overdosage with strontium chloride toothpaste formulations has not been reported. |
|---|
High Level Warnings:
- Strontium chloride should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid inhalation and skin contact
- Exposure to dust or powders may cause respiratory irritation
- Use in well-ventilated areas
Strontium chloride is a type of Alkalinizing agents
Alkalinizing agents, a pharmaceutical API category, refers to a group of substances used to increase the pH (alkalinity) of a solution or body fluid. These agents play a crucial role in various medical applications, such as the treatment of acidosis, kidney disorders, and certain drug overdoses.
One commonly used alkalinizing agent is sodium bicarbonate, which is highly effective in raising the pH of blood and urine. It works by neutralizing excess acid and restoring the acid-base balance in the body. Sodium bicarbonate is often administered intravenously in emergency situations to rapidly correct severe acidosis.
Another alkalinizing agent, acetazolamide, is frequently employed in the treatment of glaucoma and certain types of epilepsy. By inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, acetazolamide reduces the production of bicarbonate ions, leading to a systemic decrease in pH. This mechanism is particularly useful in lowering the intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.
Alkalinizing agents are also utilized in the management of certain drug toxicities. For instance, methotrexate, a chemotherapy medication, can cause severe toxicity if its elimination is hindered. Alkalinizing the urine with agents like sodium bicarbonate enhances methotrexate solubility, preventing the formation of toxic crystals in the kidneys.
In conclusion, alkalinizing agents are indispensable pharmaceutical APIs that help correct acid-base imbalances, treat specific medical conditions, and mitigate drug toxicities. Their diverse applications make them valuable tools in modern medicine.
