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Plantago seed API Manufacturers & Suppliers

General Description:

Plantago seed, identified by CAS number 8063-16-9, is a notable compound with significant therapeutic applications. Platango seeds refer to the seeds collected from various species of plantago trees. It is found in some laxatives for treating occasional constipation and restoring regularity in bowel movements. Its potential benefit in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis has been studied . Regardless, this agent is most predominantly used as a gentle laxative agent in many parts of the world that is more commonly referred as psyllium or psyllium husk.

Indications:

This drug is primarily indicated for: Indications include the treatment of patients needing a high fibre regime, perhaps for: (a) the relief of constipation, including constipation in pregnancy and the maintenance of regularity; (b) the management of bowel function in patients with colostomy, ileostomy, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, chronic diarrhea with diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcerative colitis . Its use in specific medical scenarios underscores its importance in the therapeutic landscape.

Metabolism:

Plantago seed undergoes metabolic processing primarily in: As psyllium remains largely in the gut as a 'bulk' agent that passes predominantly unchanged throughout the gastrointestinal tract, there is little opportunity for marked absorption into or metabolism by the body . This metabolic pathway ensures efficient processing of the drug, helping to minimize potential toxicity and side effects.

Absorption:

The absorption characteristics of Plantago seed are crucial for its therapeutic efficacy: Psyllium husk is capable of hydration and swelling to form a mucilage because it is only partially solubilized . The polysaccharide dietary fibres of which psyllium husk is comprised of need to be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides before intestinal absorption can occur . The sugar residues of the xylan backbone and side chains are joined by beta-linkages however, which cannot be broken by human digestive enzymes . Less than 10% of the mucilage gets hydrolyzed in the stomach, with formation of free arabinose . Intestinal absorption of the free arabinose is about 85% to 93% . As a consequence, psyllium remains predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract as a 'bulk' agent that passes largely unchanged throughout the gut . The agent has remarkable water holding capacity because of its high hemicellulose content . The drug's ability to rapidly penetrate into cells ensures quick onset of action.

Half-life:

The half-life of Plantago seed is an important consideration for its dosing schedule: The half-life of psyllium husk is not formally documented at this time. Regardless, because psyllium husk is largely not adsorbed when administered, it is believed that the drug may not exhibit any kind of half-life . This determines the duration of action and helps in formulating effective dosing regimens.

Protein Binding:

Plantago seed exhibits a strong affinity for binding with plasma proteins: The protein binding of psyllium husk is not formally documented at this time. Regardless, because psyllium husk is largely not adsorbed when administered, it is believed that the drug may not exhibit any kind of protein binding . This property plays a key role in the drug's pharmacokinetics and distribution within the body.

Route of Elimination:

The elimination of Plantago seed from the body primarily occurs through: Psyllium husk when administered as indicated is usually excreted in the faeces . Understanding this pathway is essential for assessing potential drug accumulation and toxicity risks.

Volume of Distribution:

Plantago seed is distributed throughout the body with a volume of distribution of: Psyllium husk when administered as intended largely undergoes little absorption into the body and plasma. This metric indicates how extensively the drug permeates into body tissues.

Clearance:

The clearance rate of Plantago seed is a critical factor in determining its safe and effective dosage: Psyllium husk when administered as intended largely undergoes little absorption into the body and plasma. It reflects the efficiency with which the drug is removed from the systemic circulation.

Pharmacodynamics:

Plantago seed exerts its therapeutic effects through: The active ingredient psyllium husk is comprised of the episperm and collapsed adjacent layers removed from the seeds of Plantago afar L. or Plantago indica L. . Psyllium husk is abundant in alimentary fibres and mucilages, with its mucilage content in particular being higher than that of other plantago species . Specifically, psyllium husk is capable of absorbing up to 40 times its own weight in water . Psyllium husk consists of 85% water-soluble fibre - it is subsequently partly fermentable (in vitro 72% unfermentable residue) and acts by hydration in the bowel . Gastrointestinal tract motility and transit rate is capable of being modified by psyllium husk via mechanical stimulation of the gut wall as a result of the increase in intestinal bulk by water and the decrease in viscosity of the luminal contents . Taken with an adequate amount of liquid (at least 30 ml per 1 g of the agent), psyllium husk produces an increased volume of intestinal contents as a result of its highly bulking properties and therefore a stretch stimulus which triggers a defecation . Concurrently, the swollen mass of mucilage generates a lubricating layer that makes the transit of the intestinal contents easier . The drug's ability to modulate various physiological processes underscores its efficacy in treating specific conditions.

Mechanism of Action:

Plantago seed functions by: Psyllium seeds are comprised of dietary fibre which, when mixed with water forms a gel-like mass that works as a mild laxative . This gel-like mass subsequently moves down a patient's digestive system and makes stools softer by increasing their water contents . At the same time psyllium seed lubricates the intestine, which improves the transit of stools . Moreover, as the presence of the gel-like mass increases the stool bulk it also increases the tension and/or the stretch stimulus in the bowel wall which serves to trigger bowel movements . The dietary fibre of which psyllium husk is comprised is fermented to various degrees by bacteria in the colon, resulting in production of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane, water, and short chain fatty acids, which are absorbed and brought into the hepatic circulation . In humans, such fibre reaches the large bowel in a highly polymerized form that is fermented to a limited extent, resulting in increased fecal concentration and excretion of short chain fatty acids . This mechanism highlights the drug's role in inhibiting or promoting specific biological pathways, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

Toxicity:

Categories:

Plantago seed is categorized under the following therapeutic classes: Biological Products, Bulk-Forming Laxatives, Complex Mixtures, Gastrointestinal Agents, Herbs and Natural Products, Laxatives, Plant Extracts, Plant Preparations. These classifications highlight the drug's diverse therapeutic applications and its importance in treating various conditions.