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- Methacycline
Methacycline API Manufacturers & Suppliers
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Metacycline | CAS No: 914-00-1 | GMP-certified suppliers
A medication that treats acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis by providing broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage against common respiratory pathogens.
Therapeutic categories
Primary indications
- For the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
Product Snapshot
- Metacycline is an oral small molecule antibiotic available in capsule form
- It is primarily indicated for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
- The product holds approved and investigational status in key regulatory markets
Clinical Overview
Pharmacologically, metacycline shares the antimicrobial profile typical of tetracyclines, demonstrating activity against a wide range of Gram-positive organisms, including pneumococci, streptococci, and staphylococci, as well as Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella species. It is also effective against pathogens responsible for onithosis, psittacosis, and trachoma, alongside certain protozoal agents. Despite its broad spectrum, the clinical utility of metacycline, like other tetracyclines, has diminished due to increasing bacterial resistance.
The mechanism of action involves reversible binding to the 16S rRNA component of the 30S ribosomal subunit. This binding prevents the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and subsequent bacterial cell growth. Beyond its antibacterial effects, metacycline and related tetracyclines inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, a property that has spurred research into chemically modified tetracyclines for non-infectious conditions; however, this does not contribute to its antimicrobial activity.
Key ADME characteristics include a slower rate of excretion relative to other tetracyclines, contributing to prolonged effective blood levels and potentially impacting dosing intervals. Metacycline undergoes typical tetracycline metabolism and elimination pathways but specific pharmacokinetic parameters may vary.
Safety considerations align with the tetracycline class profile, including risks of photosensitivity, gastrointestinal disturbances, and potential effects on bone and teeth development in pediatric or pregnant patients. Monitoring for hypersensitivity reactions is also recommended.
Metacycline is approved in some regions for systemic antibacterial use; however, its availability and brand names vary internationally. Sourcing of metacycline API requires attention to established quality standards, including compliance with pharmacopeial monographs and controlled manufacturing processes to ensure consistent purity, stability, and absence of contaminants typical for polyketide antibiotics. Regulatory documentation should be verified to meet regional requirements for antimicrobial raw materials.
Identification & chemistry
| Generic name | Metacycline |
|---|---|
| Molecule type | Small molecule |
| CAS | 914-00-1 |
| UNII | IR235I7C5P |
| DrugBank ID | DB00931 |
Pharmacology
| Summary | Methacycline is a tetracycline-class antibiotic that inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing aminoacyl-tRNA attachment and subsequent translation. It exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain protozoa. Additionally, methacycline can inhibit matrix metalloproteinases, a property distinct from its antibacterial effects. |
|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Methacycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is a protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. Methacycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 16S part of the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Tetracyclines also have been found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases. This mechanism does not add to their antibiotic effects, but has led to extensive research on chemically modified tetracyclines or CMTs (like incyclinide) for the treatmet of rosacea, acne, and various types of neoplasms. |
| Pharmacodynamics | Methacycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Similar to other tetracyclines, it has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. It is active against most Gram-positive bacteria (pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, shigella, etc.), and towards agents causing onithosis, psittacosis, trachoma, and some Protozoa. Like other tetracyclines, the general usefulness of methacycline has been reduced with the onset of bacterial resistance. |
Targets
| Target | Organism | Actions |
|---|---|---|
| 16S ribosomal RNA | Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria | inhibitor |
ADME / PK
| Absorption | 58% absorbed |
|---|---|
| Half-life | 14 hours |
| Protein binding | 75-78% protein bound |
Formulation & handling
- Metacycline is an orally administered small molecule antibiotic from the tetracycline class, suitable for capsule formulations.
- The compound has moderate water solubility and a low LogP, indicating hydrophilic characteristics that may influence dissolution and absorption.
- Stable as a solid entity, handling precautions typical for tetracyclines should be observed, though no specific food interaction sensitivity is noted here.
Regulatory status
Supply Chain
| Supply chain summary | Metacycline is produced by originator companies such as Medpointe Pharmaceuticals and Medpointe Healthcare Inc., indicating a limited number of primary manufacturers. The branded product has a global presence, including markets in the US and EU. Patent expiry has allowed for the entry of generic competitors, suggesting an established availability of generic alternatives. |
|---|
Methacycline is a type of Tetracyclines
Tetracyclines are a widely used subcategory of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that play a crucial role in the treatment of various bacterial infections. They belong to the class of antibiotics and are characterized by their tetracyclic chemical structure. Tetracyclines exhibit broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, making them highly effective in combating a wide range of infections.
These APIs work by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, thereby preventing their growth and reproduction. Tetracyclines bind to the bacterial ribosome, specifically the 30S subunit, and disrupt the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.
Due to their broad antimicrobial spectrum and efficacy, tetracyclines are utilized in the treatment of various infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and certain types of acne. Moreover, they have been used in the management of certain protozoal infections.
It is important to note that tetracyclines are subject to certain limitations and considerations. Their usage is contraindicated in pregnant women, children, and individuals with hepatic or renal impairments. Tetracyclines also exhibit photosensitivity, which may necessitate sun protection measures during treatment.
In summary, tetracyclines are a valuable subcategory of pharmaceutical APIs that offer broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Their effectiveness against a wide range of bacterial infections has made them indispensable in modern medicine, though their usage requires careful consideration of individual patient factors and potential side effects.
Methacycline (Tetracyclines), classified under Antibacterials
Antibacterials, a category of pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections. These APIs are chemical compounds that target and inhibit the growth or kill bacteria, helping to eliminate harmful bacterial pathogens from the body.
Antibacterials are essential for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and more. They are commonly prescribed by healthcare professionals to combat both mild and severe bacterial infections.
Within the category of antibacterials, there are different classes and subclasses of APIs, each with distinct mechanisms of action and target bacteria. Some commonly used antibacterials include penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. These APIs work by interfering with various aspects of bacterial cellular processes, such as cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, DNA replication, or enzyme activity.
The development and production of antibacterial APIs require stringent quality control measures to ensure their safety, efficacy, and purity. Pharmaceutical manufacturers must adhere to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and follow rigorous testing protocols to guarantee the quality and consistency of these APIs.
As bacterial resistance to antibiotics continues to be a significant concern, ongoing research and development efforts aim to discover and develop new antibacterial APIs. The evolution of antibacterials plays a crucial role in combating emerging bacterial strains and ensuring effective treatment options for infectious diseases.
In summary, antibacterials are a vital category of pharmaceutical APIs used to treat bacterial infections. They are designed to inhibit or kill bacteria, and their development requires strict adherence to quality control standards. By continually advancing research in this field, scientists and pharmaceutical companies can contribute to the ongoing battle against bacterial infections.
